Russia

If you’re in Russia, leave immediately using the limited commercial options available or private means if it’s safe to do so. The security situation could deteriorate further with little warning. If you decide to stay in Russia, review your personal security plans. You’re responsible for your own safety and that of your family.

The Russian Government has introduced a 'medium response level' in several regions of Russia, including Krasnodar, Belgorod, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kursk, and Rostov and a 'heightened preparedness level' in the remainder of the Central and Southern Federal districts. A basic readiness level has been introduced in the rest of Russia. There may be an increase in security personnel and installations. A range of security measures or restrictions may be introduced with little to no notice. Monitor the media for developments. If, despite our advice, you're staying in Russia, keep your registration details up to date in case we need to contact you (see below).

Ukraine border areas and Crimea

The Russia-Ukraine border is volatile due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Security incidents regularly occur in Belgorod, Bryansk, Kursk and other regions of Russia bordering Ukraine, including explosions and large fires. The security situation in the region could deteriorate at short notice. You shouldn't travel to the Russia-Ukraine border or cross into Ukraine from Russia.

We currently advise you do not travel to Ukraine due to the volatile security environment and military conflict. Read the Ukraine travel advice for more information.

The Australian Government doesn't recognise Russia's claimed annexation of the Ukrainian region of Crimea.

Leaving Russia

Where it’s safe to do so you should leave Russia. Use your judgement to decide the best time and safest means of exit. 

Transport routes may be disrupted. Plan for delays at land border crossings. Expect disruption to travel and changes at short notice. Make sure you have an adequate supply of food, water, medication and fuel. Make sure you have payment options that will work during your journey and in your destination. 

Continue to read the travel advice of your destination to make sure you meet the entry requirements. These may differ when entering by road, rail or air. Be aware that some borders may close without notice. Commercial travel routes between Russia and Europe have been impacted by measures taken in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Check with your airline or travel agent for current flight availability. Any travel options you pursue are at your own risk. See ‘Travel’

For more information on entry requirements for countries bordering Russia read the travel advice:

• Azerbaijan
• Estonia
• Finland
• Georgia
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Mongolia
• Poland

The European Union also has a website with information on travel restrictions for people seeking to enter member states.

If you’re at the border and need consular assistance, you can contact the Australian Government 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305.

Registration

Due to the security environment and the impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, if you're in Russia, register your whereabouts on DFAT's registration portal. 

You should only register if you’re in Russia and:

• an Australian citizen
• an Australian permanent resident (PR), or
• an immediate family member of an Australian citizen or PR

Click here to register.

Keep your registration details up to date in case we need to contact you.

If you decide to stay in Russia:

• follow the instructions of authorities
• ensure your travel documents are up-to-date and keep your passport and other travel documentation safe
• contact your family and friends in Australia so they’re aware of your location and situation
• keep up to date with developments on the security situation and monitor reputable media and regularly check our travel advice and social media
• review your personal security plans and make contingency plans to leave as soon as you judge it safe to do so
• always be alert and aware of your surroundings
• avoid large gatherings and areas with groups of fighters and military equipment.

The Russian parliament has passed laws that severely restrict free speech related to the current situation. Foreign journalists and other media workers in Russia may face considerable risks.

While the effects of this law are still unclear, you may be detained or fined for:

• sharing or publishing information that local authorities deem false
• sharing or publishing information that may be detrimental to the armed forces
• calling for, sharing or publishing speech in support of sanctions against Russia

You should not:

• share or publish information related to the current events in Ukraine and Russia
• participate in demonstrations and large gatherings

Russian authorities may adopt a more negative attitude towards foreigners in Russia in reaction to perceived support for Ukraine and sanctions on Russia. Russian authorities may enforce local laws in an arbitrary manner. You may be interrogated without cause by Russian officials, and may become a victim of harassment, mistreatment, and extortion.

Avoid commenting publicly on political developments.

Anti-war and anti-mobilisation protests have taken place in cities across Russia over the invasion of Ukraine. Many protesters have been arrested.

Unsanctioned protests are illegal and you can be arrested if you participate. Remain vigilant and avoid rallies, protests, demonstrations and other large public gatherings as they can turn violent and you may be arrested.

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Terrorists are very likely to try to carry out attacks in Russia. Terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda and Daesh aligned groups, continue to call for attacks in Russia. Attacks can be indiscriminate and may occur on or around seasonal, festive, or religious events in public places and could include popular tourist sites. Russia has seen a number of terrorist attacks which have caused large casualty numbers, including in Moscow and St Petersburg, and Russia’s aviation has also been targeted. Attacks may occur with little or no warning.

On 20 February 2022, the US Embassy issued a security alert advising that, according to media sources, there had been threats of attacks against shopping centres, railway and metro stations, and other public gathering places in major urban areas, including Moscow and St. Petersburg as well as in areas of heightened tension along the Russian border with Ukraine.

Russian authorities continue to announce arrests and the disruption of planned attacks.

Terrorists have attacked other European cities, targets have included:

• places of worship
• government buildings
• schools
• shopping areas
• tourist sites
• restaurants
• bars
• nightclubs
• transportation hubs
• airlines
• major events which attract large crowds

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• be alert to possible threats, especially in public places
• be extra cautious around possible terrorist targets
• always have a clear exit plan
• report anything suspicious to police
• monitor the media for any new threats
• take official warnings seriously and follow the instructions of local authorities

If there's an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe. Avoid the affected area in case of secondary attacks.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorism

North Caucasus

There's a high threat of terrorism in parts of the North Caucasus, including:

• Chechnya
• Dagestan
• Ingushetia
• North Ossetia
• the south-eastern part of Stavropol bordering Chechnya
• Karbardino-Balkaria
• Karachay-Cherkessia

Terrorist attacks continue to occur in Chechnya. Several people have been killed and injured.

Our ability to provide consular assistance to Australians in those parts of the North Caucasus is limited.

If, despite our advice, you travel to these parts of the North Caucasus:

• monitor local conditions via media and travel operators
• arrange personal security measures

Georgia-Russia border

The Georgia-Russia border area is volatile because of tensions in Georgia.

If, despite our advice, you travel in the border region, read our Georgia travel advice.

Theft and assault

Petty crime, pickpocketing and mugging is common. Groups of children sometimes commit crimes too.

Hot spots for crime include:

• Red Square
• the Izmailovsky Market
• other tourist attractions
• the Moscow and St Petersburg metros

Thieves often steal passports. They target travellers in robberies and assaults, particularly in large cities.

To protect yourself from theft and assault:

• keep your personal belongings close, particularly in tourist areas
• be aware of your personal security in public places, particularly at night
• monitor local media on crime

Racially motivated assaults may occur throughout Russia.

Take extra care if you or your travel partner(s) are of Asian or African descent.

Drink spiking

Criminals may drug and rob travellers at nightclubs and bars. Sometimes this happens after people accept offers of food, drink or transportation from strangers.

To protect yourself from spiking-related crime:

• never accept food or drinks from strangers
• don't leave drinks unattended
• leave your drink if you're not sure it's safe
• stick with people you trust in bars, nightclubs and taxis
• don't accept offers of transport from strangers

More information:

• Partying safely

Using taxis

People have reported extortion and robbery while taking unauthorised taxis.

To protect yourself from robbery while travelling in taxis:

• only use official taxi companies
• always book your taxi in advance
• don't flag down taxis on the street
• don't share taxis with strangers
• always negotiate and confirm the fare before you get in a taxi

Credit card and ATM fraud

Credit card and ATM fraud is common.

To protect yourself from fraud:

• only exchange currency at banks
• keep your credit card in sight during transactions
• only use ATMs inside banks and during business hours
• always hide your PIN

Other scams

Criminals may try to cheat you by changing money in the street or in a bank queue.

Some Australians have been victims of fraud by bogus internet friendship, dating and marriage schemes operating from Russia.

These are large-scale, well-organised scams.

Criminals arrange to meet people through internet dating schemes or chat rooms. After getting to know each other, the criminal asks the Australian to send money so they can travel to Australia. However, after the money has been received, the relationship is finished and the funds can't be recovered.

Be wary of people you meet through internet dating schemes or chat rooms.

Extortion

People have also reported harassment, mistreatment and extortion by police and other local officials.

If you suspect you're being extorted by a police officer or other local official, offer to walk with them to the nearest police station. Once there, you can check their identity and their demands.

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas 

Kidnapping is common in parts of the Northern Caucasus.

It can be for:

• political purposes
• ransom
• retribution

Foreigners have been targeted in the past.

If, despite the risks, you travel to an area where there is a particular threat of kidnapping:

• get professional security advice
• arrange personal security measures

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers.

More information:

• Kidnapping

Severe weather during winter can disrupt travel in Russia.

To protect yourself from accidents caused by severe weather:

• take care when walking in snowy, icy or windy conditions
• take care when driving
• use appropriate driving equipment, such as winter tyres or chains
• monitor the media and other sources for updates

If you're delayed, contact local authorities about a visa extension if required.

Snow and ice

Every year, people are injured or killed in wind, snow and ice-related accidents. These include:

• falls
• traffic accidents
• avalanches
• collapsed roofs and snow falling from roofs 
• falling debris 
• prolonged exposure to extreme cold

Slipping on ice can result in serious injury, such as broken bones, back injuries or paralysis.

Fires

During summer, forest and peat fires can occur in Russia, including in the Moscow region.

Earthquakes and tsunamis

The North Caucasus and far eastern region of Russia can experience earthquakes.

Tsunamis are common in all oceanic regions of the world.

To protect yourself from natural disasters, take official warnings seriously.

If a natural disaster occurs, follow the advice of local authorities.

Get updates on major disasters from the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System.

Most Australian travel insurance policies won't cover you for travel to Russia. Do not travel to Russia. See 'Safety'

If you're not insured, you may have to pay 1000s of dollars up-front for medical care.

Do not travel to Russia. If despite our advice, you travel to Russia, consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. Consider whether you may be in a vulnerable category for COVID-19.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least eight weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare, or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

More information:

• General health advice (World Health Organization)
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)
• COVID-19 (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor. 

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Russia. Take enough legal medication for your trip.

Russia has strict laws about the import and use of medications. Make sure you comply with the laws that changed in June 2016.

You must present a doctor's letter to authorities when you arrive in Russia confirming your need for each medication. This is the case if your medication contain:

• barbiturate
• codeine
• sibutramine
• anabolic steroids
• androgens and other sex hormones
• analgesic, such as tramadol
• psychostimulants
• other restricted substances

This includes medications that are available over the counter in Australia, such as cold and flu tablets.

The letter must:

• contain a description of the medication including chemical composition
• describe the daily dosage
• explain the underlying medical condition
• confirm the medication is for personal use only
• be signed by your treating doctor

You must also have a notarised translation of the letter into Russian.

Before you leave Australia, contact the Embassy of Russia for the latest rules for bringing medicines into Russia.

More information:

• Medication

COVID-19

COVID-19 remains a risk in Russia. Monitor the media for information on latest developments and follow the advice of local authorities.

If you're in Moscow and have COVID-19 symptoms and require medical assistance, call the Hotline telephone number +7495 870-45-09 (English is available). Hotlines for other areas can be found on Stop Coronavirus website (in Russian only). If you need emergency medical assistance, call an ambulance on 112.

For information on Russia’s COVID−19 vaccination program, refer to the Russian Ministry of Health (in Russian). You should consult your local health professional for advice on vaccine options, including assistance that may be available locally. The Australian Government cannot provide advice on the safety, quality and efficacy of vaccines that have been approved for use outside of Australia's regulatory process.

More information:

• COVID-19 (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Tick-borne diseases

Tick-borne encephalitis (World Health Organization) and other tick-borne diseases are a risk, especially if you travel through forested areas.

Ticks are common in rural areas from spring to autumn, April to October.

People have reported increased incidents of tick-borne encephalitis.

Measles

Measles cases can routinely occur in Russia, with the country currently experiencing an increase in measles activity. Make sure your vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel.

More information:

• Measles Outbreaks 2019 (Department of Health and Aged Care)
• Measles immunisation service (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Bird flu (avian influenza)

Avian influenza is a risk in Russia.

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is a risk.

Take steps to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus.

Rabies

There has been a reported increase in rabies across Russia.

Rabies is deadly. Humans can get rabies from mammals, such as:

• dogs
• monkeys
• bats
• other animals

If you're bitten or scratched by a dog, monkey or other animal, get treatment as soon as possible.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases are common, including these listed by the World Health Organization:

• typhoid
• hepatitis
• diphtheria
• measles
• tuberculosis

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid uncooked and undercooked food, such as salads
• avoid unpasteurised dairy products

Get urgent medical attention if you have a fever or diarrhoea or you suspect food poisoning.

Public medical facilities in Russian cities are below Australian standards.

Standards are extremely basic in rural areas.

There are a few international-standard private facilities in major cities.

Before you're treated, private facilities need either:

• up-front payment
• evidence of adequate insurance
• a written guarantee of payment

If you become seriously ill or injured, you'll need to be evacuated to get proper care. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.

Russian law bans any promotion of 'non-traditional sexual relationships'. The sharing of information or public display of any material promoting ‘non-traditional relationships’ is now a serious criminal offence.

Russia has passed laws introducing lengthy prison sentences for 'crimes against military service'. 

Russian authorities have introduced criminal liability for publishing and distributing ‘deliberately misleading’ information related to the Russian armed forces and any military operations. More information can be found on the Russian President’s website.

Russian authorities imposed temporary restrictions on real estate and foreign currency transactions for foreign residents. More information can be found on the Russian President’s website.

The Russian Government has announced it is working 'to prevent the spread of false information on the COVID-19 situation in Russia that creates a panic'. Those in violation may be fined or imprisoned.

The US Government issued travel advice in March, 2022 advising that Russian security services have arrested US citizens on spurious charges, singled out US citizens in Russia for detention and/or harassment, denied them fair and transparent treatment, and have convicted them in secret trials and/or without presenting credible evidence. The US Government warns that Russian officials may unreasonably delay consular assistance to detained US citizens.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Drugs

It's illegal to possess, sell, consume or carry any illegal drugs.

Penalties are severe and include long prison terms.

Russia has strict rules around medication carried into the country for personal use. This includes some medications that you can get over the counter in Australia.

If you don't declare restricted medications, authorities could detain you. See Health

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Routine police checks are common in public places.

Carry your passport, visa and migration card with you at all times. Authorities won't accept copies.

If you can't provide travel documentation on request, authorities can detain and fine you.

In Russia it's illegal to:

• take photos of military places, strategic sites and other sensitive areas, such as passport control and guarded railway sites
• use commercial film, television or camera equipment in public areas without permission, but hand-held home video cameras are allowed
• use drones without permission from the Russian aviation authority.

Penalties for breaching the law include fines, jail and deportation.

Russia regulates religious activity. Authorities restrict activities such as preaching and distributing religious materials.

If you plan to engage in religious activity, make sure you are not breaking local laws.

Contact the Embassy or Consulate of Russia for more information.

Russia has blocked or restricted some social media platforms and websites, including Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and Twitter.

More information:

• Cyber security when travelling overseas
• Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor)

Russia has laws governing child surrogacy.

Russia has passed legislation banning surrogacy for all foreigners except those married to Russian citizens. All children born through surrogacy in Russia will be granted Russian citizenship, regardless of their parents’ citizenship.

There have been reports of foreign couples experiencing difficulties with hybrid surrogacy arrangements organised in Georgia and Russia.

Get independent legal advice before making surrogacy arrangements in Russia, or with residents of Russia.

More information:

• Going overseas for international surrogacy
• Going overseas to adopt a child

Some Australian documents, such as birth or marriage certificates, need to be legalised before Russian authorities will accept them.

If you have an Australian document that you need to use while in Russia, contact the Embassy or Consulate of Russia for information.

Apostilles and some legal certificates can be issued by:

• DFAT in Australia
• Australian embassies and high commissions overseas

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Russia doesn't recognise dual nationality.

Russia announced the partial mobilisation of military reservists for the conflict in Ukraine. The Russian Government may subject males it regards as Russian to mobilisation, regardless of any other citizenship held. Laws introducing heavy penalties for 'crimes against military service' have been passed. The Australian Government will not be able to intervene if you are subjected to mobilisation.

Conscription occurs regularly in Russia. The government may subject males it regards as Russian to mandatory conscription, regardless of any other citizenship held. Conscription in Russia occurs semi-annually and, conscripts typically serve one year.

If you're a dual national, Russian authorities won't recognise your Australian nationality. They will treat you like any other national of Russia.

If you're a dual national:

• you must enter and leave Russia on a Russian passport
• you can enter Russia using a repatriation certificate (svidetelstvo na vozvrashcheniye) if you don't have a Russian passport
• you must declare any other nationalities or foreign residency permits to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs
• you could be conscripted into the Russian military, if you're a male between the ages of 18 and 27

If you're a dual national, this limits the consular services we can give if you're arrested or detained.

Contact the Embassy or Consulate of Russia well in advance of any planned travel to Russia.

Dual nationals can't leave Russia without a valid Russian passport.

You'll need to get a new Russian passport before you leave if:

• your Russian passport expires while you're in Russia
• you enter Russia using a repatriation certificate

Getting a new Russian passport for non-residents is complex and can take several months.

Children born outside Russia and added to their parents' Russian passports need their own passport to leave Russia.

If you're travelling alone with a child, Russian border authorities may require:

• documentary evidence of your relationship to the child
• written permission for the child to travel from the non-travelling parent

More information:

• Dual nationals

Same-sex relationships are legal in Russia, but not widely accepted.

Intolerance towards the LGBTI community is common, particularly outside Moscow and St Petersburg.

People have reported violence against members of the LGBTI community, including by local security forces.

In April 2017, there were reports of arrests and violence against LGBTI people in Chechnya.

It's illegal to promote 'non-traditional sexual relationships' to minors. Any action or statement that appears to promote LGBTI issues could be illegal.

In October, the bill banning any promotion of 'non-traditional sexual relationships' was lodged for review at the Russian State Duma. Further details are not yet available. If passed, the bill will broaden the existing law banning the promotion of 'non-traditional sexual relationships' to minors.

More information:

• Advice for LGBTI travellers

Australia and other countries have placed sanctions on Russia. Russia’s response to these sanctions may disrupt travel and affect travellers.

Visas

You need a visa to enter Russia unless you're travelling on certain commercial cruise ships.

You can't get a visa on arrival.

If you arrive in Russia without a valid visa, authorities will fine, detain and deport you at your own expense. They may bar you from re-entering Russia.

Make sure you apply for the correct visa type, such as 'tourist' and 'visitor' visas.

If your visa type doesn't match the purpose of your visit, authorities may:

• not let you enter 
• detain you

You may need to provide biometric fingerprints as part of the visa application process.

After you get your Russian visa, check your passport details are correct, including:

• full name
• passport number
• date of birth
• visa type
• intention of stay
• validity dates

If there are errors, return your passport to the Russian Embassy or Consulate for correction.

It's impossible to amend visa details once you're in Russia.

Australians sanctioned by Russia

The Russian Foreign Ministry issued statements on its website advising that, in response to Australian sanctions, the Russian Government had added several Australians to a 'stop list', which denies them entry into the Russian Federation on an indefinite basis.  

These statements can be viewed here (copy and paste the URL into a new browser if you can't open the link):

• 7 April statement - https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1808465/
• 16 June statement - https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1818118/
• 21 July statement - https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1823204/
• 16 September statement - https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/1830085/ (Russian)

DFAT is unable to provide advice on the implications of another country's sanctions. If you're listed, you should obtain your own legal advice if you have concerns about the potential impacts of the Russian sanctions. Do not travel to Russia if you are named on Russia's 'stop list'. 

Cruises

You may be eligible for visa-free entry if you arrive by a commercial cruise ship:

• in some port cities, including St Petersburg
• that docks for less than 72 hours

Visa-free entry lets you leave the ship for short periods as part of an officially organised tour.

Discuss your travel plans with your cruise operator before you travel to check if you need a visa.

If you transit through Russia on the way to a third country, check transit visa requirements.

More information:

• Russian Embassy
• Going on a cruise

Border measures

If despite our advice, you decide to enter Russia, expect thorough security checks at the border, including questioning and inspections of electronic devices.

You're no longer required to present a COVID-19 (PCR) testing certificate.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest embassy or consulate for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

Migration card

All foreign visitors receive a migration card on arrival in Russia.

If you receive a paper migration card, keep the stamped exit portion of the card with your passport.

The migration card covers both Russia and Belarus. You'll need to show the stamped card to passport control when leaving the last of the two countries.

If you lose your migration card:

• your departure could be delayed
• you could be stopped from staying at a hotel in Russia

You can get a replacement from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. This is complex and could delay your departure.

Biometric finger-printing

Foreign citizens entering Russia for work purposes or intending to stay over 90 calendar days may be subject to biometric fingerprinting and regular medical check-ups. The procedure of biometric fingerprinting will need to be undertaken only once, while medical check-ups will need to be re-taken upon expiry of the certificate (which is valid for 1 year).

More information:

• the Russian President's official website (Russian)
• the Russian Embassy

Travel with children

If you're travelling with a child, you may need to show evidence of parental, custodial or permission rights. This is particularly the case for dual nationals. See Local laws

More information:

• Advice for people travelling with children

Electronics

The government strictly controls the import of electrical and some high technology equipment.

The rules are complex.

You may import terminal global positioning systems (GPS) devices if you declare them on arrival. However, you'll need a special permit to import a GPS device connected to a computer or an antenna.

Authorities can detain you if you don't have a permit.

You'll need to show proof of advanced approval to import a satellite phone. Request approval from the Federal Service for the Supervision of Communications.

Russian border officials can demand to inspect any electronic device when you leave. This includes installed software.

Travel between Russia and Belarus

Do not travel to Russia and Belarus due to the security environment and impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. If you’re in Russia or Belarus, leave immediately using the limited commercial options available or private means, if it’s safe to do so.

If despite our advice you decide to enter Belarus from Russia, note that the government doesn't allow foreigners to cross the land border between Russia and Belarus.

If you travel between Russia and Belarus, it must be by air.

If you're travelling between Russia and Belarus, you must have visas for both countries.

Visa-free entry into Belarus doesn't apply to travellers arriving from or travelling to Russia.

Contact the Embassy of Russia and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus for details.

Registering your stay in Russia

If you stay more than seven working days, including your day of arrival and departure, you have to register with the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

You have to pay a registration fee.

Most hotels do this for their guests, but you're legally responsible. Confirm with check-in staff on arrival that they've registered you.

If you're not staying at a hotel, the registration process can be complex.

If you're travelling on a visitor-type visa, register at the nearest post office.

If you're travelling on a visa that lets you work, register through your employer. Confirm with your employer that they've registered you.

If you don't register, authorities can fine you or delay your departure.

More information:

• the Russian Embassy

Visa overstays

Make sure you leave Russia before your visa expires. Some visas, including tourist visas, can't be extended.

If you overstay your visa, you won't be allowed to leave Russia until the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs determines your legal status or deports you.

Authorities can detain you until they've processed your case.

Penalties for overstaying include fines and deportation.

You may be banned from re-entering.

Exporting goods

Russian authorities have imposed temporary restrictions on exporting certain categories of goods, including foreign-made medical products.  More information can be found on the Russian Government website.

Russia has strict regulations covering the export of antiques, artworks and items of historical significance. This is for items purchased in Russia or imported to Russia from overseas. It includes modern art and posters if they are particularly rare or valuable.

Authorities may not allow the export of items more than 100 years old.

If you want to export any antiques, artworks or items of historical significance:

• keep receipts of your purchases
• obtain an export permit from the Ministry of Culture in advance of travel — export permits are never issued at the airport
• declare each item to border authorities when you leave Russia
• be ready to show each item to border authorities
• be ready to show receipts for each item to border authorities

Don't try to export items requiring permits without the relevant paperwork. This is a serious offence.

Legislation about the export of artwork and antiques from Russia may change without warning.

Validity

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for six months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than six months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport.

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service.
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate.

If your passport is lost or stolen while ashore, you will need to obtain an emergency passport and an exit visa to leave Russia within the 72-hour visa-free period. If it’s not done within 72 hours, you will face a court hearing and possible fine, deportation and entry ban.

To arrange a new visa:

• obtain an official police report
• apply for a replacement passport through the Australian Embassy in Moscow
• apply to Russian authorities for an exit visa
• include the police report with your application

If you replace your passport while in Russia, make sure authorities transfer your visa to the new passport.

The currency of Russia is the Rouble (RUB).

Russian authorities have imposed temporary restrictions on the export of foreign currency in cash, out of Russia. Travellers exiting Russia can't take more than the equivalent of $US10,000 in cash.

Make sure a customs official stamps your declaration. Only stamped declarations are valid.

You must carry proof that your funds were imported and declared, or legally obtained in Russia.

Only exchange money at banks. US dollars or euros in cash are most commonly accepted.

Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Mastercard, Visa and American Express have suspended operations in Russia. Cards issued outside of Russia will not work at Russian merchants or ATMs. Cards issued inside Russia may continue to work in Russia but they will not work outside of Russia. You should be aware that it may not be possible for you to access your funds through Russian banks or to make payments to Russian businesses with non-Russian credit/debit cards. Be prepared with alternate means of payment should your cards be declined.

Traveller's cheques aren't widely accepted, even in Moscow and St Petersburg.

More information:

• the Russian Embassy

Local restrictions

Federal authorities may adjust COVID-19 restrictions in line with infection rates. Decisions will be made by regional authorities. The latest advice for Moscow is available on the Mayor’s website (Russian only). Follow the advice of local authorities. Information on restrictive measures in other regions is available on the Russian COVID-19 portal (Russian only).

QR Codes, non-working days (lockdown) and other measures can be introduced throughout the country at short notice. More information can be found on the Regional Governments websites (in Russian only). 

QR codes can be obtained if you meet one of the following:

• vaccination by one of the vaccines registered in Russia,
• negative PCR test (valid for 72 hours),
• recently recovered from COVID-19.

SNILS (individual insurance account number) may also be required for certain types of QR codes. To apply for a QR code visit the Government Services Portal (Gosuslugi).

Postal services between Russia and Australia are temporarily suspended. More information can be found on the Australia Post website.

If you’re planning to depart Russia, confirm with your transport operator that services are still operating. Commercial travel routes between Russia and Europe are disrupted. Expect thorough security checks at the border, including questioning and inspections of electronic devices.

Flights between Russia and Europe have been affected by measures taken in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A number of Russian airports are now closed to the public, with disruption to internal flights to and from Moscow and other cities. The train service between St Petersburg and Helsinki is suspended. Bus services to Finland are operating. 

Australia and other countries have placed sanctions on Russia. Russia’s response to these sanctions may disrupt travel and affect travellers. Confirm entry requirements for your destination prior to arrival, as additional restrictions or entry requirements could be imposed or changed suddenly.

If, despite our advice, you decide to go to Chechnya or the North Caucasus, you must first get permission from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Several other areas of Russia, especially in Siberia and the Russian Far East, are also 'closed' areas.

Foreigners need government permission to enter 'closed' areas.

If you need government permission or if you're not sure if you need it, contact the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Driving permit

You should carry an International Driving Permit (IDP).

You may drive with an Australian driver's license if you carry it with a notarised Russian translation.

Road travel

Driving in Russia can be hazardous due to:

• poor driving standards
• ice and snow in winter
• poor road conditions in rural areas

The blood alcohol limit for drivers is 0%.

More information:

• Driving or riding
• the Russian Embassy

Taxis

Some taxis appear official but aren't licensed by local authorities.

People have reported extortion and robbery while taking unauthorised taxis. See Safety

Book an official taxi by phone, at major hotels and from inside airports.

Air travel

Flights from Russia to other countries are limited. These may change or be suspended at short notice. You should contact airlines or travel agents directly for the most current information.

The EU announced that 21 Russian owned airlines were banned from flying in EU airspace due to safety concerns.

Russian airlines and railways may be affected by shortages of parts and essential technical components for their fleets, affecting maintenance and safety standards. If you’re flying domestically or internationally, you should research your aviation provider before choosing their services.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

You're encouraged to read Air travel before flying.

Check Russia's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

All emergency services

Call 112.

Fire and rescue services

Call 101.

Medical emergencies

Call 103.

Police

Call 102.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Contact your provider with any complaints about tourist services or products.

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

On 1 March 2022, the Australian Government authorised the voluntary departure of dependants of Australian Embassy staff in Moscow. 

For consular help, contact the Australian Embassy in Moscow. Our ability to provide consular assistance in Russia is limited. The Australian Government will not be able to evacuate you from Russia.

Australian Embassy, Moscow

13 Kropotkinsky Pereulok
Moscow 119034
Russia
Phone: (+7 495) 956-6070 
Fax: (+7 495) 956-6170 
Website: russia.embassy.gov.au
Twitter: @PosolAustralia

If you're in St Petersburg, you can also contact the Australian Consulate for limited consular help.

Australian Consulate, St Petersburg

Moika 11
St Petersburg 191186 Russia
Tel: (+7 964) 333 7572 (NOT for visas)
Email: ozcon.spb@gmail.com (NOT for visas)

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

Australians in need of consular assistance should contact the Australian Government 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia