Israel and the Palestinian Territories

The security situation in the region remains unpredictable and could deteriorate with little or no warning. 

On 5 August 2022, increased tensions saw Israeli airstrikes into Gaza and retaliatory rocket fire into southern and central areas of Israel. Israel and the Palestine Islamic Jihad reached a ceasefire on 7 August, following Israeli airstrikes in Gaza and extensive rocket fire into southern and central areas of Israel. The situation remains unpredictable. Be alert and monitor public safety information through the National Emergency Portal for the latest update.

Increased tensions can occur around religious and commemoration events and following political developments. Particularly in and around the Old City in Jerusalem. Tensions have resulted in demonstrations and violence in some cities. There have also been rockets fired at targets across Israel and Gaza.

There's a high threat of civil unrest in the Palestinian Territories. International events and political developments may lead to protests and demonstrations, which can turn violent. Be alert, avoid demonstrations, adhere to the advice of local authorities and monitor the media for the latest updates.

Airports can pause operations at times of security concern. You should reconfirm arrangements before flying.

Security forces and civil unrest

Tensions have increased between Israel and Iran in recent years. This mostly relates to events in Syria. There have been several military clashes. This includes missiles being fired towards Israeli controlled territory.

Tensions remain high and more conflict is possible.

Military operations

During military operations, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) may declare an area a closed military zone.

If authorities find civilians in this zone, they can arrest, detain or deport them.

Local city government websites keep lists of public bomb shelters and other emergency information.

The IDF Home Front Command is responsible for managing emergencies, including planning and advising on how to deal with rocket attacks. In an emergency contact the Home Front Command on 104 (the hotline has English-speaking operators, option 5). Authorities may also establish a National Emergency Portal website for specific events.

West Bank

The security situation in the West Bank is unpredictable, with continuing tensions and violence between Israelis and Palestinians. This includes in Nablus, Jenin, Bethlehem, Hebron, Jericho and Ramallah.

Stone-throwing and violence are common, especially around settlements and military checkpoints.

Tensions can arise at short notice. Violence happens in tourist areas.

There's an especially high rate of violence in and around Hebron.

Don't enter closed military zones, even where these have been in place for a long time, such in as the old city of Hebron.

Large and sometimes violent demonstrations have happened in the West Bank. Foreigners have been injured.

Israeli authorities may close crossings to the West Bank on local holidays or due to security incidents.

Israeli security operations happen in the West Bank. This can include military action. There has been an increase in Israeli security operations since March 2022. If you're in the West Bank during military action or civil unrest, stay in a safe place indoors. Monitor the media for information.

Authorities impose strict security measures after terrorist attacks. These may severely affect the movement of Palestinians, including Australian dual nationals.

Contact the Australian Embassy in Tel Aviv or the Australian Representative Office in Ramallah for assistance. See Local contacts

Gaza unrest

Gaza is extremely dangerous. The security situation is unpredictable and conflict could happen at any time without warning. 

Many rockets and mortars have been fired from Gaza into Israel. Some have landed in populated areas.

5 August 2022 saw extensive rocket fire into southern and central areas of Israel. The situation remains unpredictable.

2019 saw several long-range rocket attacks into Israel.

4,000 rockets were fired from Gaza at Israel in May 2021.

Similar incidents and Israeli military responses are expected.

More conflict between Israel and militants in Gaza would greatly increase risks to your safety and security.

The Australian Government is not able to support individuals applying for entry or exit permits for Gaza. The Australian Government may not be able to provide consular assistance in Gaza.

Large demonstrations and threats to Western interests have happened in Gaza. They are sometimes violent. Foreigners have been injured.

Demonstrations have occurred in Gaza along the border with Israel, leading to large numbers of casualties from clashes between protesters and Israeli security forces. Improvised explosive devices have been found along the perimeter.

Authorities have stopped some international media personnel from leaving Gaza.

There's a threat of rocket attack and spillover from civil unrest along the Gaza and Israel border.

If you're caught in military action or civil unrest, stay in a safe place indoors. Monitor the media for updates.

Some foreigners have been kidnapped.

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers.

More information:

• Kidnapping

Waters off Gaza

Israel has a naval blockade in place. Don't join others to try to break the naval blockade.

The Israeli Navy patrols territorial waters and the shared water border zone.

People have tried to break the naval blockade along the coast of Gaza. Their actions caused injury, death, arrest and deportation of foreigners, including Australians.

Demonstrations and protests

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent. Don't go near demonstrations or large gatherings.

Check the media and other sources for information about planned and possible unrest.

Demonstrations could happen anywhere. They're most likely in and around checkpoints, to/from the West Bank and in and around the Old City in Jerusalem.

Violence can happen at checkpoints, and there are few options to leave the area.

Avoid traffic blockages at checkpoints.

There are regular attacks on vehicles driven on the Sabbath. This happens in and around ultra-Orthodox neighbourhoods. See Local laws

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Cross-border political tensions and unrest create security risks for regions of Israel close to its borders with Egypt, Lebanon and Syria.

Israel and Lebanon border

There's an ongoing threat of rocket attack, infiltration attempts, revenge fire and other activity along the border between Israel and Lebanon. This area is known as the 'Blue Line'.

There's a significant military presence in the area. The security situation could get worse without notice.

Tensions remain high between Hezbollah and Israel, with occasional exchanges of fire on the border between Lebanon and Israel. More conflict is possible, including missiles fired towards Israeli territory. An outbreak of conflict between Israel and Hezbollah would significantly increase risks to your safety and security.

More information:

• Travel advice for Lebanon

Israel and Egypt border

There have been security incidents in the southern city of Eilat and the surrounding area near the Gulf of Aqaba. This includes the border crossing with Egypt near Eilat. There have been deaths and injuries.

More information:

• Travel advice for Egypt

Israel and Syria border

There has been ongoing conflict on the Syrian side of the border since 2014. Kidnapping has been known to happen near the border.

Parts of Route 98 have in the past been closed because of fighting on the Syrian side of the border. Artillery and small-arms fire from Syria could land in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights.

We recommend avoiding all parts of the Golan Heights to the east of Route 98 due to militant activities in Syria.

More information:

• Travel advice for Syria

Keeping safe during unrest

To stay safe during civil unrest, don't go to any demonstrations, political rallies and large public gatherings.

Check the news and other sources for information on unrest or strikes. Plan your activities to stay away from those areas.

Be extra careful during Jewish and Muslim religious holidays. These include Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Pesach and Ramadan.

Stay away from traffic congestion at checkpoints.

In each place you stay, know the emergency procedures. Know what to do when air raid sirens sound and where the closest emergency shelters are.

If you're caught in military action or civil unrest, follow the instructions of local authorities.

Unless told otherwise, stay indoors and monitor the media.

Be prepared to change your travel plans.

If civil unrest affects transport services, contact your airline, travel agent or insurer for help.

Israel continues to be a target of terrorist attacks.

Local and international political developments and events may lead to terrorist attacks.

Attacks could happen anywhere, at any time.

Terrorists have attacked buses, public transport hubs and tourist areas. These include the Old City in Jerusalem, Jaffa, Sarona Market and Dizengoff Street in Tel Aviv.

Be alert to possible threats, especially:

• at tourist locations, religious sites and crowded public places
• near police checkpoints
• in regions bordering Egypt, Syria and Lebanon

Australian Government officials and their families are advised not to use public transport in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza. This is because of safety and security concerns. Taxis are an exception.

Militant and terror groups operate in regions of Egypt, Syria and Lebanon that are close to Israel. This makes travel close to borders with those countries dangerous.

There have been several attacks against foreigners, including kidnappings.

When planning your activities reconsider going to places known to be terrorist targets. Think about the level of security provided.

Take care when travelling to a region where there are terrorists, or somewhere that terrorists could target. Have an exit plan in case there's a security incident.

To stay safe:

• don't use public transport other than taxis
• report any suspicious activity or items to police
• regularly check local and international media for news about any new or emerging threats
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local authorities

If there's an attack, leave the area as soon as it's safe.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorism
• Egypt travel advice
• Lebanon travel advice
• Syria travel advice

Violent crime, other than terrorism and politically motivated violence, is rare.

But purse snatching, pickpocketing and petty theft can happen.

Theft from vehicles may happen, especially in beachside areas.

Australians have reported thefts from unattended vehicles near tourist sites.

Transport and tour operators don't always follow safety and maintenance standards. This include adventure activities.

If you plan to do a tour or adventure activity:

• check if your travel insurance policy covers it
• ask about and insist on minimum safety requirements
• always use available safety gear, such as life jackets or seatbelts

If proper safety equipment isn't available, use another provider.

Israel, the West Bank and Gaza are in an active earthquake zone.

Flash floods can happen in the Judean Hills and Negev desert in the winter months from November to March.

Sandstorms, dust storms and bushfires happen during the warmer months.

If there's a natural disaster or severe weather:

• secure your passport in a safe location
• stay in contact with friends and family
• monitor local media and the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
• follow the advice of local authorities

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave. 

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you're going to high-risk areas, you'll probably need a specialised insurance policy. Check your insurance policy before you travel to high risk areas in Israel, Gaza and the West Bank.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many 1000s of dollars up-front for medical care.

Confirm:

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. Consider whether you may be in a vulnerable category for COVID-19.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up   
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare, or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

More information:

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)
• COVID-19 (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to take medication, check if it's legal in Israel, Gaza and the West Bank. Take enough legal medication for your stay.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• how much you'll take
• that it's for personal use

More information:

• Medications

COVID-19

COVID-19 remains a risk in Israel, Gaza and the West Bank.

For information on Israel's COVID−19 vaccination program, refer to the Israeli Health Ministry’s website. Consult your local health professional for advice on vaccine options, including assistance that may be available locally.  The Australian Government cannot provide advice on the safety, quality and efficacy of vaccines that have been approved for use outside of Australia's regulatory process.

More information:

• Coronavirus (COVID-19) (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Infectious diseases

Waterborne, foodborne and other infectious diseases can occur. These include:

• Brucellosis
• Leptospirosis
• Leishmaniasis

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid uncooked and undercooked food, such as salads

Get medical advice if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

Insect-borne diseases

Cases of West Nile virus (WNV) cases are reported throughout Israel, Gaza and the West Bank. There's no vaccine to prevent it.

To protect yourself against illness:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

More information:

• Infectious diseases

Measles

Measles cases can routinely occur in Israel, with the country currently experiencing an increase in measles activity. Make sure your vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel.

More information:

• Measles Outbreaks 2019 (Department of Health and Aged Care)
• Measles immunisation service (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Medical facilities

The standard of medical facilities is reasonable in Israel. However, facilities in the West Bank and Gaza are below Australian standards.

If you become seriously ill or injured in the West Bank or Gaza, you may need to be evacuated. Medical evacuation can be very expensive.

Doctors may require up-front payment before they will treat you. Costs can be high.

There's a decompression chamber at Joseph Tal Hospital in Eilat.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Drugs

Penalties for drug offences include jail terms of up to 20 years and large fines.

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Other laws

You must always carry your passport, visa or entry permit as proof of identity in the Palestinian Territories. 

It's illegal to photograph police, the military, buildings or places considered 'security sensitive'. This includes military installations and some government offices. If in doubt, get local advice.

The import and use of religious material is strictly controlled. If authorities find this material, they may confiscate it.

Under Palestinian law, authorities may enforce the death penalty for treason, helping an enemy and deliberate killing.

Islamic law applies in Gaza. Drinking alcohol and homosexual acts are prohibited.

More information:

• LGBTI travellers

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Israel doesn't recognise dual nationality. Israeli citizens must enter and leave on an Israeli passport.

Under Israeli law, you're considered Israeli if at least one of your parents is Israeli.

Men and women may need to do military service. To check, consult the nearest embassy or consulate of Israel before you travel.

Australians who currently hold, or used to hold a Palestinian ID card, are considered Palestinian nationals while in the West Bank, Gaza or Israel.

If you're considered Palestinian, you may need to get a Palestinian travel document. Contact an embassy or consulate of Israel for details about entry and exit requirements.

This law limits the consular services we can give if you're arrested or detained.

More information:

• Dual nationals

Get to know local and religious customs. Take care not to offend.

Public displays of affection aren't appropriate at religious sites in Israel. In Gaza and the West Bank, being affectionate in public may offend.

Observe local standards of behaviour when visiting Orthodox Jewish neighbourhoods.

Dress standards

Conservative standards of dress and behaviour apply at holy sites in Jerusalem, and throughout Gaza and the West Bank.

Be respectful when photographing people in Muslim and Orthodox Jewish areas. Ask permission before taking photos of people.

Shabbat

The Jewish Shabbat or Sabbath happens from sunset Friday until sunset Saturday. It's closely observed in Orthodox Jewish areas in Israel.

During this time of rest in Orthodox neighbourhoods, driving and using electricity is restricted. Using a mobile phone or camera on the Sabbath is likely to offend. 

Public access to these neighbourhoods is usually restricted on the Sabbath. Don't drive in these areas.

Ramadan

Respect religious and cultural customs and laws during Ramadan. Avoid eating, drinking or smoking in public or in front of people who are fasting.

LGBTI information

Unmarried and same-sex couples are not allowed to live together in Gaza or the West Bank. They're not allowed to share hotel accommodation either.

More information:

• Advice for LGBTI travellers

Visas

If you travel to Israel as a tourist for less than 3 months, you generally won't need a visa.

For longer stays, you'll need to arrange a visa before you travel.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. For details about visas, security checks, currency, customs and quarantine regulations:

• check the Israel Government Portal
• contact the nearest embassy or consulate of Israel

Border measures

Non-Israeli citizens, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Israel if all entry requirements as listed on the Ministry of Heath’s website are met. This includes completing an online entry statement before boarding your flight or cruise to Israel and having health insurance which includes the treatment of COVID-19 is a condition of entry.

Incoming travellers must provide their airline with evidence of a negative COVID-19 (PCR) test taken within 72 hours of departure and take another test upon arrival. Some exemptions apply. See the Israeli Ministry of Health's website for details. 

If arriving from overseas and permitted entry into Israel, you must undertake a period of quarantine until you receive a negative PCR test result, or until 24 hours have passed. Requirements are based on the country you are arriving from. Countries are categorised as ‘red’ (banned), ‘orange’ (quarantine) or ‘yellow’ (negative test). Measures related to each are amended at short notice. The measures are listed on the Ministry of Health’s website

To limit the spread of COVID−19, Israel and the Palestinian Authority have introduced rules on social distancing, public gatherings and wearing masks. These restrictions may change at short notice. 

Israel has implemented nation-wide lockdowns to limit the spread of COVID-19, and further lockdowns are possible.

You may not be able to enter or exit communities with high infection rates. It's your responsibility to know and follow these restrictions. There are penalties for failing to comply.

The Palestinian Authority has extended its state of emergency and has COVID-19 related measures in place. These include limits on the number of visitors at tourist and religious sites, foreigners not being permitted to enter some areas and limited availability of tourist facilities (including accommodation). The Palestinian Authority may introduce future lockdowns. The crossing into Gaza with Egypt - Rafah - is closed, except for infrequent and unscheduled openings for Gaza residents. Gaza’s crossing with Israel – Erez – is operating with restrictions. 

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Israel has announced the closure of land border crossings with Jordan and Egypt, often with little or no notice. We recommend you monitor the Population and Immigration Authority’s COVID-19 updates webpage.

For the latest information on local restrictions, check the Israel Ministry of Health COVID-19 website. You can also follow the Australian Embassy and Australian Representative Office on social media (see Local contacts).  

Further restrictions may be imposed. Check with your airline or travel provider, monitor local media and follow the advice of local authorities. 

More information:

• Ministry of Health, State of Israel
• Coronavirus (COVID-19) (Department of Health and Aged Care)
• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak (WHO)

Israeli authorities can subject you to a security and police record check if you're entering Israel, Gaza or the West Bank.

Authorities may refuse you entry or exit without a reason.

Security officials may question you at length. They may also conduct an intensive search of your bags and person when you arrive and depart.

If you're travelling to protest against Israeli policies, authorities may refuse your entry. You will be returned to the country where you boarded. This includes if you arrive by boat.

Authorities can deny you entry if you have association with, or belong to, an organisation that has called for a boycott of Israel or Israeli settlements.

We can't intervene if you don't meet entry or exit requirements.

Entry card

You'll get an entry card instead of an entry stamp on arrival in Israel.

Keep this card with your passport until you leave. The card is evidence of your legal entry into Israel. Authorities may ask for it during your stay.

If you plan to travel to other countries after Israel, read the travel advice for each country. Some countries may refuse you entry if:

• your passport shows you have travelled to Israel
• your luggage or possessions show you've been to Israel

Travel restrictions may apply to some visitors in Israel and the West Bank. There's no clear information about who may be restricted.

Airport officials may ask you to sign a form that stops you entering the West Bank.

In these situations, the Australian Embassy has limited ability to step in.

The security situation in Gaza is unpredictable and dangerous.

Exiting Gaza is difficult and unpredictable.

There are only 2 land crossings into and out of Gaza. Israel controls Erez. Egypt controls Rafah.

Both crossings may be closed or have highly restricted access for long periods. 

You may not be able to leave Gaza even if you have a valid exit permit.

The ability of the Australian Government to help is extremely limited.

Erez crossing

Israeli authorities control the Erez crossing into northern Gaza from Israel.

You must have permission from the Israeli authorities to use the Erez crossing.

The Israeli authorities rarely grant permission for people to leave Gaza through the Erez crossing.

Australian-Palestinians with a Palestinian ID or passport can contact the Palestinian General Authority of Civil Affairs (Arabic) for help.

Rafah crossing

Egyptian authorities control the Rafah crossing into Gaza from Egypt.

You must get permission from Egyptian authorities to enter and exit Gaza using the Rafah border crossing with Egypt.

Regulations and restrictions around the border between Egypt and Gaza can change.

People who enter Gaza through this border crossing must leave the same way.

The crossing may open or close at short notice. Once it has closed, you can't leave Gaza through this crossing.

More information:

• Egypt travel advice

Validity

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport.

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service.
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate.

Israel's currency is the Israeli Shekel (ILS). The ILS is also used in the Palestinian Territories.

You can change Australian dollars to shekels in major centres.

ATMs are widely available.

When arriving or leaving Israel, you must declare amounts of $US10,000 or more, or the equivalent in another currency. This covers all forms of currency, not only cash.

If you don't declare your currency on entry or exit from Israel, authorities could arrest or fine you.

When deciding on travel around Israel, the West Bank and Gaza, consider the general security situation.

Also consider specific risks to your safety and security in different places.

Driving permit

You can drive in Israel for up to one year with a valid Australian driver's licence.

Road travel

Security checkpoints may be set up or closed at any time. This often happens without warning throughout Israel, Gaza and the West Bank.

You could face delays or trouble passing through checkpoints.

Israeli car insurance does not usually cover travel into Palestinian-controlled areas of the West Bank. This includes Bethlehem, Jericho and Ramallah.

Separate insurance can often be arranged for travel to these places.

More information:

• Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Check if your travel insurance policy covers you when travelling by motorbike.

Only ride a motorcycle if you're:

• properly licensed
• familiar and comfortable with local driving conditions

By law, you and your passenger must wear a helmet when riding a motorbike.

Taxis

Taxis are generally safe and reliable in Israel.

Public transport

Take care when using public transport.

Due to safety and security concerns, Australian Government officials and their families are advised not to use public transport, except taxis.

This applies in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza.

Sea travel

Don't travel by sea to the coast of Gaza. See Safety

Air travel

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check Israel's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network.

Airports can pause operations at times of security concern. You should reconfirm arrangements before flying.

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

Fire and rescue services

Call 102.

Medical emergencies

Call 101.

Police

For criminal issues, call 100.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Contact your provider with any complaints about tourist services or products.

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular assistance, contact:

Australian Embassy, Tel Aviv

Level 28

Discount Bank Tower

23 Yehuda Halevi Street (corner Herzl Street)

Tel Aviv 65136, Israel

Phone: (+972 3) 693 5000

Fax: (+972 3) 693 5002

Website: israel.embassy.gov.au

Facebook: Australia in Israel

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

Australian Representative Office, Ramallah

7th floor, Trust Building

48 Othman Ben Affan Street

El Bireh Ramallah West Bank

Phone: (+972 2) 242 5301

Fax: (+972 2) 242 8290

Website: ramallah.mission.gov.au

Check the Australian Representative Office website for opening hours.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia