Iraq

The security situation in Iraq is unstable and could deteriorate with little warning.

You should leave immediately by commercial means if it's safe to do so. If there are no commercial options for leaving Iraq, the Australian Government can't help you leave.

Curfews and other security conditions can change at short notice.

If, despite our advice, you travel to or stay in Iraq:

• get professional security advice and regularly review your security measures
• have contingency plans
• never visit areas of military activity, including border areas
• obey restrictions set by local authorities
• monitor the media for new safety or security threats
• always be alert to your surroundings

Australian officials have adopted enhanced security measures.

There's a risk of terrorist attacks in Iraq. Terrorist attacks occur without warning and are more frequent in areas where Daesh had a strong presence, including: 

• Anbar
• Diyala
• Ninewa
• Salah ah-Din

Armed opposition groups are active throughout Iraq. They have conducted major coordinated attacks against the Government of Iraq and civilians.

Attacks using Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) occur throughout Iraq, including in certain parts of Baghdad.

Attacks can occur at any time, but there's an increased risk during religious events, including Ramadan, Ashura and Arba'een. Attacks may also occur during political events, including international meetings, conferences or political rallies.

Targets for terrorist attacks include:

• Iraqi security forces
• government facilities
• checkpoints
• police stations
• recruiting centres
• military establishments

Terrorists may also target:

• Baghdad International Airport (BIAP)
• International Zone
• public transport (and hubs)
• protests
• mosques and churches
• markets, schools and universities
• funerals and religious gatherings
• foreign embassies
• other civilian infrastructure

The International Zone in Baghdad and BIAP are regularly targeted by rocket attacks and drones.

Avoid possible targets. If you must visit them, always have an exit plan. 

Iraqi security forces often conduct security operations across the country with little warning.

There has also been fighting between armed groups and Peshmerga forces in the Kurdistan region. 

A number of areas in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq remain susceptible to sporadic attack by artillery, drones and rockets.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorist threats

There's a high, ongoing threat of kidnapping throughout Iraq.

Sources report that terrorists and criminal groups continue to look for opportunities to kidnap Westerners throughout Iraq. Kidnappers have targeted:

• academics
• journalists
• people working for NGOs
• people working for foreign companies

Criminal gangs and terrorists demand large ransoms for releasing hostages. Ransom payments to terrorist groups are likely to breach Australian anti-terrorism financing laws.

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers.

Regularly re-assess your security arrangements and carefully consider any travel. Close protection security is important, but it does not completely protect you.

More information:

• Kidnapping

Demonstrations and protests

On 29 August 2022, protesters entered the Government Palace and other government buildings in and around the International Green Zone in Baghdad, resulting in violent clashes. The security situation throughout Iraq remains volatile. Follow the advice of local authorities and monitor the media for updates.

Political rallies and protests often happen in Baghdad and other regions of Iraq.

Large crowds can quickly gather and turn violent. Avoid large public gatherings. Security restrictions, including curfews and interruption to internet and social media service, may occur with little notice.

In Baghdad, most rallies and protests are held in Tahrir Square, near the entrance to the former International Zone or government buildings.

There have previously been violent clashes in and around the International Zone in Baghdad as well as other governorates of Iraq.

Protests can occur in areas in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq due to regional tensions.

If, despite our advice, you travel to or stay in Iraq, monitor the media and other sources about possible unrest.

If you're in an affected area, stay indoors and follow the advice of local authorities or your security provider.

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Violent crime

Violent crime and corruption are common. Kidnappings, murders and robberies occur.

Organised criminal gangs, militia and tribal groups are significant threats.

If, despite our advice, you travel to Iraq:

• travel with your vehicle's doors locked and windows up, even when moving
• secure your accommodation, including when you're inside
• always be alert to your surroundings

Scams and fraud

Some fraudulent websites and Facebook accounts in the past claimed to represent the Australian Government in Iraq. They approached local businesses for tender opportunities or individuals for visa application.

Tell the Australian Embassy in Baghdad if you're contacted by fake sites.

Some Australian businesses have been contacted by companies claiming to be Iraqi importers. They offer to do business in unusual or suspicious ways. Scammers may have knowledge of the industry and appear legitimate.

Get legal advice if you or your company is contacted.

Australian companies have been contacted by people claiming to represent the Government of Iraq. They are looking for payments associated with recently won contracts.

Get advice from the Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Canberra before making any payments.

Some individuals offer to produce Iraqi identification cards. These cards are not accepted by local authorities and, if used, you could be arrested. Only obtain identification cards from relevant Iraqi authorities.

People claiming to represent the Australian Government have contacted some individuals to offer visas. To protect yourself from visa scams, you should only deal with official Australian Government channels such as the departmental website, Australian Visa Application Centres, or the Australian High Commission or Embassy in your country. Visit the Australian Government's Visa Scams page for tips on identifying scams.

More information:

• Scamwatch

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth.

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.

More information:

Cyber security when travelling overseas

Iraq can experience severe weather and is in an active earthquake zone.

Sandstorms and dust storms are common during the spring and summer months. Where possible, you should remain inside during severe storms, and seek medical advice if you have breathing difficulties. Flights can also be delayed or cancelled at short notice during severe storms.

From July to September, daytime temperatures can be over 50°C.

If, despite our advice, you travel to or stay in Iraq and there's a natural disaster:

• secure your passport in a safe location
• monitor local media and the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
• follow the advice of local authorities
• stay in touch with friends and family

The Government of Iraq has improved the structural integrity of Mosul Dam. However, a dam failure would cause significant flooding from Mosul to Baghdad. It could interrupt essential services. A failure of the Mosul Dam cannot be predicted.

If, despite our advice, you travel to or stay in Iraq and you're in an area near the Tigris River, including Baghdad:

• monitor local media reports
• have a contingency plan that covers evacuation

The Australian Government can't help you if commercial flights and other transport options aren't available.

If the Mosul Dam fails:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• follow the advice of local authorities

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

You'll probably need a special insurance policy that covers travel to high-risk destinations. Most Australian policies won't cover you for travel to Iraq.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

Confirm:

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away.

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up   
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need.

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare, or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.’

More information:

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)
• COVID-19 (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Iraq. Take enough legal medicine for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription and a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use only

More information:

• Medication

COVID-19

COVID-19 remains a risk in Iraq. Iraq has removed all COVID-19 entry requirements.  You don’t need to present your vaccination certificate or a negative COVID-19 pre-departure test on arrival.

For information on Iraq's COVID−19 vaccination program, refer to the Ministry of Health website (Arabic). You should consult your local health professional for advice on vaccine options, including assistance that may be available locally. The Australian Government cannot provide advice on the safety, quality and efficacy of vaccines that have been approved for use outside of Australia's regulatory process.

More information:

• COVID-19 (Department of Health and Aged Care)

Insect-borne diseases

Insect-borne diseases are common.

Malaria is widespread in the southern province of Basrah and areas below 1500m. This includes the northern provinces of:

• Dohuk
• Erbil
• Ninewa
• Sulaymaniyah
• Ta'mim

Other diseases caused by insect bites in some regions of Iraq include:

• Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
• cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis

To reduce your risks from disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• always insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

Consider taking medicine to prevent malaria.

Get medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is common. Take steps to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus.

Bird flu (avian influenza)

The World Health Organization has confirmed human cases of bird flu in Iraq.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne and other infectious diseases happen. These include:

• cholera
• haemorrhagic fever
• typhoid
• hepatitis
• tuberculosis
• rabies

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness and disease:

• drink boiled or bottled water
• avoid ice cubes
• don't eat raw and undercooked food, such as salads
• avoid contact with dogs and other mammals

If an animal bites or scratches you, get medical help straight away.

Get medical advice if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

Polio

Iraq is no longer affected by wild poliovirus. However, it's still at risk from international spread of the disease.

Stay up to date with vaccinations against polio (poliomyelitis). Get a booster dose before you travel.

Medical facilities in major cities are limited. In remote areas, they're very basic or not available. Stocks of medical equipment and medicines are severely depleted.

If you become seriously ill or injured, you may need to be evacuated.

Medical evacuation is very expensive and may be difficult to arrange because of the security situation.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Drugs

Penalties for drug offences are severe. They include long jail terms and the death penalty.

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Death penalty

Iraq applies the death penalty for a range of crimes, including for murder, espionage, rape, kidnapping, terrorism, war crimes, smuggling antiquities and drug trafficking.

Other laws

On 20 February 2023, the Iraqi national gazette published the new Municipalities Income law, which includes a provision prohibiting the import, manufacture, and selling of alcoholic beverages of all sorts, punishable by fines of up to IQD 25m. Customs officers may also confiscate prohibited goods or items deemed a threat to the peace, security, health, environment, or social order of Iraq.

Get professional advice for local legal matters. Know your rights and responsibilities, especially in family law, such as:

• divorce
• child custody
• child support

It's illegal to:

• take antiques or artefacts out of the country
• preach anywhere except in a place of worship
• attempt to convert a Muslim
• abandon the Islamic faith if you're Muslim

Unauthorised filming in a public place is against the law. Authorities have arrested several foreign journalists for filming without approval.

It's also illegal to take photos or film government and security buildings, including:

• checkpoints
• military bases
• embassies

Although the laws of Iraq do not prohibit consensual sexual acts between people of the same sex, these acts could be illegal under other provisions of the law, such as public indecency.  Homosexuality is not socially accepted and local attitudes towards LGBTI people may be hostile. There are no legal protections against discrimination. Violence against LGBTI people occur.

Local laws can change without notice. Check legal requirements with an embassy or consulate of Iraq.

More information:

• LGBTI travellers

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• National security
• Staying within the law and respecting customs
• Forced marriage

Iraq recognises dual nationality.

If a dual-national child has an Iraqi father and the child wants to leave the country, you may need to provide proof of the father's permission.

More information:

• Dual nationals

Hotels may not allow couples to stay unless they can provide proof that they're married.

The holy month of Ramadan is observed in Iraq. Respect religious and cultural customs and laws at this time. 

During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking is illegal in public during the day. If you're not fasting, avoid these activities around people who are.

Explore our Ramadan page to learn more, including dates for Ramadan.

Visas and border measures

If you travel to Iraq despite our advice, you may be eligible for either a 30-day visa on arrival (Visitor) or a 60-day visa on arrival (Regular), if you're travelling on an ordinary passport. Different rules apply for official and diplomatic passport holders. Visa fees apply.

Authorities may refuse entry to Iraq if your passport contains Israeli stamps or visas.

From 1 March 2023, people travelling to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq will require a visa. Visas on arrival for this region are no longer available. You can find details and apply on the e-visa portal of the Kurdistan Regional Government. If you arrive in Kurdistan without a visa, you'll need to apply and pay online before being allowed to leave the airport. This visa is valid for travel in the KRI only. If you plan to travel outside of Kurdistan to other regions of Iraq, you must obtain an Iraqi visa before travelling to Iraq.

Ensure you understand the conditions of your visa, especially if you are travelling as a member of a group.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. For details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules, contact either:

• an embassy or consulate of Iraq, or
• the Iraqi Ministry of Interior (Arabic)

If you're in Iraq, you should leave as soon as you're able to do so. If you travel to Iraq despite our advice, contact your travel provider or the nearest embassy or consulate of Iraq for the latest information on entry requirements prior to departure.

For a child travelling without a parent, the guardian must carry documentation saying that the child's parents allow the travel.

An Australian-Iraqi dual national child with an Iraqi father may need to obtain permission from the child's father before authorities will let the child leave Iraq.

If despite our advice, you travel to border areas note that border crossings can close with little or no warning.

Sensitive border areas, especially with Syria and Türkiye, are military targets.

Checkpoints

Security checkpoints are stationed throughout Iraq. 

At these checkpoints:

• follow the instructions of local authorities
• exercise extreme caution

Criminals and terrorists have used false security checkpoints to:

• stage kidnappings, robberies and murders
• launch attacks

Validity

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for at least 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport.

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who want to use your identity to commit crimes. Always keep it in a safe place.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service.
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate.

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.

More information:

• LGBTI travellers

The local currency is the Iraqi Dinar (IQD).

On exit and entry you must declare all amounts in excess of IQD200,000, US$10,000, or the same value in other foreign currencies. Gems, jewellery or other items valued at US$10,000 or more must also be declared.

US dollars and euros are the easiest foreign currencies to exchange at local commercial banks and exchange bureaus.

Road travel

Road travel is dangerous.

Dangers include:

• roadside bombs
• attacks at checkpoints
• robberies
• drivers not following road rules
• poor driving

Drink driving is illegal. See Local laws

If, despite our advice, you need to travel by road, first:

• get professional security advice from a company with a good reputation
• arrange personal security measures
• make contingency plans
• get local advice on possible routes

More information:

• Driving or riding

Air travel

Airport closures or flight suspensions may happen. Double-check your flight arrangements before travelling to the airport.

In the past, some airlines have suspended flights to and from Erbil and Sulaymaniyah International Airports due to political tensions.

Aviation safety and security standards may not meet those set by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check Iraq's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network.

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

Australian Embassy, Baghdad

Consular services are severely limited due to the security situation.

The Australian Embassy provides limited consular services by appointment only.

Visit the embassy website to make an appointment.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia