South Sudan

Armed conflict

We continue to advise do not travel to South Sudan. Our ability to provide consular services in South Sudan is extremely limited. The Australian Government may not be able to assist you to leave. If the security situation deteriorates further, routes into and out of South Sudan may be blocked and you may be unable to leave for an extended period. 

If you travel to South Sudan, despite our advice, be highly vigilant, monitor security developments closely and abide by any imposed curfews. You should also:

• ensure your travel documents and those of your travelling family members are up to date
• carry copies of your identification with you at all times, including to hand over to immigration or the police, if required
• seek professional security advice
• arrange personal security measures
• keep a low profile
• keep in contact with friends and family
• ensure you keep supplies of any medication you require, as well as food and water.

Since March 2025, there has been armed fighting between rival factions, including air strikes in some parts of South Sudan, resulting in casualties. Due to continuing tensions in the country, there is a heightened military presence in Juba and some parts of the country. Political tensions remain high, and the security situation could deteriorate quickly. 

Lack of law and order across the country is a serious threat, the security situation is volatile and could deteriorate with little warning, including in Juba. Thousands of people have been killed in South Sudan since violence began in December 2013. Intercommunal violence and fighting between armed groups continue across the country. Border areas are especially dangerous.

There's a serious risk of attacks on civilians. National or international events could prompt attacks on foreigners. Due to the extremely volatile security environment, South Sudan remains a dangerous operating environment for aid workers. 

With little warning, local authorities can impose:

• curfews
• roadblocks
• other security measures

Juba airport may close or be inaccessible, flights could be suspended and routes in and out of the country may be closed with little or no warning. The main road connecting Juba to Uganda is highly dangerous.

Demonstrations and protests

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent.

To reduce your risks of being affected by demonstrations and protests, you should:

• avoid large crowds
• be aware of your surroundings
• maintain a low profile and do not record or photograph gatherings
• follow the advice of local authorities
• carry certified copies of identification keep original documents in a secure location
• consider your personal security
• keep your cell phone charged
• monitor local media for safety and security risks and adjust your travel plans accordingly
• have a prepared plan for emergencies, including ensuring you have sufficient supplies of cash, water, food, medicines and fuel, as ongoing strikes may lead to supply shortages.  

If civil unrest or conflict happens, shelter indoors and stay off the streets.

More information:

• Protests and civil unrest

Terrorism is a threat worldwide. Terrorist attacks could occur anywhere and at any time. Be alert to possible threats, especially in public places. 

Security presence at official facilities is high. Terrorists may look for easier targets, such as housing compounds.

Terrorists may target places popular with travellers, including tourist areas, hotels, clubs, restaurants and bars. Airports, bus stations and other transport hubs are also possible targets.

Other possible targets include:

• foreign government, multinational corporations and international organisations' buildings
• oil installations
• public spaces including schools and marketplaces
• places of worship
• outdoor events

If despite our advice, you are in South Sudan, be alert to possible threats and report any suspicious behaviour or items to police.

Carefully plan your activities and reconsider travelling to places known to be terrorist targets.

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• seek professional security advice
• monitor the media for new or emerging threats
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local authorities

If there’s a terrorist incident, leave the area if it’s safe to do so and follow the instructions of local authorities. 

More information:

• Terrorism

Violent crime is widespread and can happen at any time of the day. Armed robbery, including ambush and roadside crime, is common.

Murder, shootings, home invasions, armed robbery, carjacking and sexual assault are common throughout South Sudan, including in Juba.

Gun crime happens frequently and may include:

• compound invasions
• attacks on hotels and restaurants
• attacks on other places foreigners go

Petty crime is common and can include:

• pickpocketing
• theft of items from vehicles
• fraudulent currency exchanges

Criminals are often armed and there's been an increase in the number of crimes involving guns.

There's no official government curfew in Juba but this can change at short notice. Most embassies and international organisations have a self-imposed curfew. The time varies depending on local events.

If, despite our advice, you travel to South Sudan:

• always travel with vehicle doors locked and windows up
• be on guard against carjacking
• be alert to threats when stopped in traffic
• secure your accommodation
• always be alert to your surroundings

Drink spiking

Methanol poisoning

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is common. If you're a victim of rape or violent crime, seek immediate medical assistance outside of South Sudan as availability of HIV prophylaxis and psychosocial support may be limited.

Cyber security

South Sudan experiences natural disasters and severe weather, including:

• flooding
• sandstorms
• drought
• dust storms

If, despite our advice, you travel to South Sudan and a natural disaster occurs:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• monitor local media and other sources
• follow the advice of local authorities
• keep in contact with your friends and family

Severe weather

Flooding often occurs in South Sudan, particularly during the rainy season from July to November.

Floods can lead to shortages of drinking water and food. Transport and communication infrastructure can also be damaged.

You're still at risk of waterborne disease after the floodwaters recede.

Northern areas of South Sudan often experience high temperatures. During the hottest months of the year, the temperature can be higher than 50˚C.

Sandstorms, drought and dust storms can occur.

More information:

• Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System

Polio

The risk of polio in South Sudan is high.

Make sure you've completed a primary course of polio vaccination and get a booster dose before you travel.

If you're unsure, check with your doctor at least 8 weeks before you travel.

Yellow fever

Yellow fever is widespread in South Sudan. Yellow fever is a potentially fatal virus spread by mosquitoes. It's prevented by vaccination. Get vaccinated before you travel.

Find out about re-entering Australia after exposure to yellow fever.

More information:

• Yellow fever risk and certification requirements by country (PDF 253KB)

Other insect-borne diseases

Malaria is common throughout the year across South Sudan.

Other insect-borne diseases occur, including:

• dengue fever
• filariasis
• leishmaniasis
• river blindness (onchocerciasis)
• African sleeping sickness

To protect yourself from disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing
• consider taking medicine to prevent malaria

Get medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

Monkeypox is endemic in South Sudan, according to WHO. Monkeypox is transmitted to humans from animals, usually monkeys, rodents, and squirrels.

In areas where Monkeypox occurs, avoid:

• contact with rodents and primates
• contact with people infected with Monkeypox
• items that may have come in contact with an infected person.

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is common. Take steps to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus.

If you're a victim of rape or violent crime, seek immediate medical assistance outside of South Sudan.

Cholera

South Sudan is currently experiencing a Cholera outbreak with large number of cases across the country.

To reduce your risk of exposure to the virus, travellers should practice safe food and water precautions. Drink only boiled or bottled water. Avoid raw or undercooked food. Don't swim in fresh water.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases are common. These include:

• typhoid
• hepatitis
• tuberculosis
• meningococcal disease
• viral haemorrhagic fever
• Rift Valley virus
• shigella
• COVID-19

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur. 

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid raw or undercooked food, such as salads
• don't swim in fresh water

Get medical advice if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

Ask your doctor about health risks and vaccines before you go.

More information

• Infectious diseases

There’s no agreement between Australia and South Sudan for free healthcare. Tourists must pay for all medical care, even if they need to stay in hospital or be evacuated. This can be very expensive. Make sure your travel insurance covers you. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

You'll need to be evacuated if you get seriously ill or injured. Medical evacuation may not be possible and can be very expensive. Most Australian travel insurance policies won't cover you for travel to South Sudan. 

Medical facilities are basic in Juba and extremely limited elsewhere.

Specialised doctors, surgeons and operating facilities are inadequate in Juba and don't exist elsewhere.

You'll need to pay cash up-front before doctors and hospitals will treat you.

Air ambulances aren't available at short notice. Juba airport is closed after dark.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the Australian Embassy in Addis Ababa immediately. The Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail. 

Drugs

Penalties for drug offences are severe and may include the death penalty.

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Other laws

Legal proceedings can be lengthy and ineffective. Be aware of your rights and responsibilities.

Seek professional advice if you do anything that involves local legal matters. This is especially the case for family law matters, including:

• divorce
• child custody
• child support

Penalties for criminal offences can include:

• death
• corporal punishment
• long jail term

It is illegal to take any photos without a permit from the Ministry of Information. This includes photos taken with a mobile phone. 

• don’t take pictures of government buildings, airports, vehicles, or persons in uniform
• keep your camera concealed and do not take random photos in public

Same-sex relationships are illegal in South Sudan and may lead to severe punishment, including lengthy jail terms. Discrimination based on sexual orientation is widespread and may lead to harassment by the public and police. LGBTQIA+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to South Sudan. 

More information:

• Advice for LGBTQIA+ travellers

South Sudan recognises dual nationality but considers its dual nationals as South Sudanese first. 

This limits the consular services we can give if you're arrested or detained. You may not be allowed to tell us of your situation.

Border officials may scrutinise the travel documents of dual nationals. This may lead to delays at the airport. Previously, officials have stopped some dual nationals from leaving.

More information:

• Advice for dual nationals

Conservative standards of dress and behaviour are expected in South Sudan, especially in rural areas.

Same-sex relationships are illegal and may lead to harassment by the public and police. LGBTQIA+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to South Sudan. Avoid public displays of affection. 

Take care not to offend. If in doubt, seek local advice.

Visa requirements

If, despite our advice, you plan to travel to South Sudan, you need to get a visa issued in advance. You won't be allowed to enter the country without one. Check Department of e-Visa and Immigration Services to get a visa.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Make sure to keep all travel documentation up to date. Contact the nearest South Sudanese embassy or consulate for details about visas, currency and customs.

Border measures

To enter South Sudan you may be required to show a copy of your COVID-19 vaccination certificate.

The airport at Juba and all land border points can close with little or no warning. Plan sufficient travel time and check your flight status before leaving for the airport. Juba Airport is closed after dark.

Check with your security provider for up-to-date information and security assessments on entry points to South Sudan.

ID and travel documents

Ensure your ID and travel documents and those of your travelling family members are up to date and kept securely. This includes passports.

There may be significant delays in obtaining records locally, including certificates of birth, death or marriage. There are limited postal services and internet outside of Juba and limited courier services. Allow sufficient time when trying to obtain records locally or for processing travel documentation, including visas.

Yellow fever vaccination

You'll need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate to enter South Sudan. Some airlines may want to see one when you leave.

Find out about returning to Australia after exposure to yellow fever.

More information:

• Countries with a risk of yellow fever

Ebola

Arriving travellers may be screened at Juba International Airport and some land entry points to South Sudan.

Validity

South Sudan requires you to have at least five blank pages in your passport on arrival.

Lost or stolen passport

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier

The local currency is the South Sudanese Pound (SSP).

South Sudan is a cash-based society.

Credit and debit cards, traveller's cheques and cash cards are generally not accepted. ATMs are scarce and often unreliable.

You'll need to pay cash in local currency or US dollars dated 2017 onwards for all purchases, including hotel bills.

Landmines

Landmines and unexploded remnants of war are a danger throughout South Sudan.

Use only main roads and paths marked as cleared by a competent de-mining authority.

Road travel

Road travel is very dangerous due to poor road conditions and the security environment.

Hazards include:

• poorly maintained vehicles
• poor street lighting
• unsealed and unmaintained roads
• pedestrians and animals wandering on or near roads
• overloaded and unpredictable movement of vehicles

Police presence on roadways outside major towns is limited. Traffic police are poorly trained.

Local drivers regularly ignore traffic signals, and traffic accidents are common.

Road conditions deteriorate during the wet season from July to November.

Highways and other roads may become impassable and some parts of the country can become inaccessible for months.

Roadblocks, official and unofficial armed checkpoints are common throughout South Sudan, including in Juba and especially after dark. Approach all vehicle checkpoints with caution. 

Diplomatic, UN and NGO drivers have been stopped and harassed at checkpoints.

There are regular reports of money being demanded from drivers and passengers at these checkpoints.

If despite our advice, you need to drive in South Sudan:

• check local security and road conditions
• seek local advice on possible routes
• seek professional security advice
• arrange personal security measures
• make contingency plans

More information:

• Driving or riding

Public transport

Avoid public transport.

Many vehicles are badly maintained. Driving standards can be poor.

Air travel

Check South Sudan's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network. 

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, you should contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

Fire and rescue services

Call 999.

Medical emergencies

Call 999 or go to the hospital.

Police

Call 999 or 777.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

There are limits to what consular assistance we can provide in high-risk locations. Read the Consular Services Charter to understand how we can assist you overseas.

Australia doesn't have an embassy or consulate in South Sudan. For consular assistance, contact the Australian Embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

The security situation and other factors mean the Australian Government's ability to provide consular services in South Sudan is extremely limited.

Australian Embassy, Addis Ababa

Turkish compound (off Cape Verde Street)
Bole Subcity, Woreda 3
PO Box 3715
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Phone: +251 11 6672651 / 6672652 / 6672693 / 6672694
Email: Consular.AddisAbaba@dfat.gov.au
Website: ethiopia.embassy.gov.au
Facebook: @AusEmb.ET
Twitter: @AusEmbET

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia