South Sudan

Armed conflict

Thousands of people have been killed in South Sudan since violence began in December 2013. Intercommunal and criminal violence and fighting between armed groups continues across the country.

Lack of law and order across the country is a serious threat to your security. We continue to advise, do not travel.

There's a serious risk of attacks on civilians. National or international events could prompt attacks on foreigners.

The security environment is volatile and could deteriorate with little warning, including in Juba.

A lack of law and order across the country, including in border areas, threatens your security. 

Armed conflict, military activity, tribal and other violence make border areas especially dangerous.

With little warning, local authorities can impose:

• curfews
• roadblocks
• other security measures

Due to the extremely volatile security environment, South Sudan remains one of the most dangerous operating environments for aid workers. 

If you're in South Sudan, leave as soon as possible.

If, you travel to South Sudan, despite our advice:

• seek professional security advice
• arrange personal security measures
• keep a low profile
• keep in contact with friends and family

Demonstrations and protests

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent.

To protect yourself during periods of unrest:

• avoid demonstrations, protests and other public gatherings
• monitor the media for safety and security risks
• monitor political events that may inflame existing tensions

If civil unrest or conflict happens, shelter indoors and stay off the streets.

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Attacks could occur anywhere at any time.

Security at official facilities is high. Terrorists may turn towards easier targets, such as housing compounds.

Terrorists may target places popular with travellers, including tourist areas, hotels, clubs, restaurants and bars. Airports, bus stations and other transport hubs are also possible targets.

Other possible targets include:

• foreign government, multinational corporations and international organisations' buildings
• oil installations
• public spaces including schools and marketplaces
• places of worship
• outdoor events

If despite our advice, you are in South Sudan, be alert to possible threats and report any suspicious behaviour or items to police.

Carefully plan your activities and reconsider travelling to places known to be terrorist targets.

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• seek professional security advice
• monitor the media for new or emerging threats
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice of local authorities

If there's an attack, leave the affected area immediately if it's safe to do so.

Stay away from affected areas due to the risk of secondary attacks.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorism

Violent crime

Violent crime is widespread and can happen at any time of the day.

Kidnapping, murder, shootings, home invasions, armed robbery, carjacking and sexual assault are common throughout South Sudan, including Juba.

Carjacking and gun crime frequently happens and may include:

• compound invasions
• attacks on hotels and restaurants
• attacks on other places foreigners go

More information:

• Kidnapping

Petty crime

Petty crime is often accompanied by violence and can include:

• pickpocketing
• theft of items from vehicles
• fraudulent currency exchanges

There's no official government curfew in Juba but this can change at short notice. Most embassies and international organisations have a self-imposed curfew. The time varies depending on local events.

Armed robbery, including ambush and roadside crime, is common.

If, despite our advice, you travel to South Sudan:

• always travel with vehicle doors locked and windows up
• be on guard against carjacking
• be alert to threats when stopped in traffic
• secure your accommodation
• always be alert to your surroundings

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is common. If you're a victim of rape or violent crime, seek immediate medical assistance outside of South Sudan as availability of HIV prophylaxis and psychosocial support may be limited.

Cyber security

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas 

South Sudan experiences natural disasters and severe weather, including:

• flooding
• sandstorms
• drought
• dust storms

If, despite our advice, you travel to South Sudan and a natural disaster occurs:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• monitor local media and other sources
• follow the advice of local authorities
• keep in contact with your friends and family

Severe weather

Flooding often occurs in South Sudan, particularly during the rainy season from July to November.

Floods can lead to shortages of drinking water and food. Transport and communication infrastructure can also be damaged.

You're still at risk of waterborne disease after the floodwaters recede.

Northern areas of South Sudan often experience high temperatures. During the hottest months of the year, the temperature can be higher than 50˚C.

Sandstorms, drought and dust storms can occur.

More information:

• Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave. Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

You'll need a specific insurance policy that covers travel to high-risk destinations. Most Australian policies won't cover you for South Sudan.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

Confirm:

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away.

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare, or the welfare of someone you know, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

More information:

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in South Sudan. Take enough legal medication for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

More information:

• Medication

Polio

The risk of polio in South Sudan is high.

Make sure you've completed a primary course of polio vaccination and get a booster dose before you travel.

If you're unsure, check with your doctor at least 8 weeks before you travel.

Yellow fever

Yellow fever is widespread in South Sudan. Yellow fever is a potentially fatal virus spread by mosquitoes. It's prevented by vaccination. Get vaccinated before you travel.

Find out about re-entering Australia after exposure to yellow fever.

More information:

• Yellow fever risk and certification requirements by country (PDF)

Other insect-borne diseases

Malaria is common throughout the year across South Sudan.

Other insect-borne diseases occur, including:

• dengue fever
• filariasis
• leishmaniasis
• river blindness (onchocerciasis)
• African sleeping sickness

To protect yourself from disease:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing
• consider taking medicine to prevent malaria

Get medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

Monkeypox is endemic in South Sudan, according to WHO. Monkeypox is transmitted to humans from animals, usually monkeys, rodents, and squirrels.

In areas where Monkeypox occurs, avoid:

• contact with rodents and primates
• contact with people infected with Monkeypox
• items that may have come in contact with an infected person.

More information:

• Infectious diseases

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is common. Take steps to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus.

If you're a victim of rape or violent crime, seek immediate medical assistance outside of South Sudan.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases are common. These include:

• typhoid
• cholera
• hepatitis
• tuberculosis
• meningococcal disease
• viral haemorrhagic fevers
• Rift Valley virus
• shigella
• COVID-19

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur. Outbreaks of cholera in Juba and other locations have occurred.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid raw or undercooked food, such as salads
• don't swim in fresh water

Get medical advice if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

Medical facilities

Medical facilities are basic in Juba and extremely limited elsewhere.

Specialised doctors, surgeons and operating facilities are inadequate in Juba and don't exist elsewhere.

You'll need to pay cash up-front before doctors and hospitals will treat you.

If you become seriously ill or injured, you'll need to be evacuated to another country with better facilities. Medical evacuation can be very difficult to arrange. Air ambulances aren't available at short notice. Juba airport is closed after dark.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail. 

Drugs

Penalties for drug offences are severe and may include the death penalty.

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Other laws

The judiciary and court systems in South Sudan are basic.

Legal proceedings can be lengthy and ineffective. Be aware of your rights and responsibilities.

Seek professional advice if you do anything that involves local legal matters. This is especially the case for family law matters, including:

• divorce
• child custody
• child support

Penalties for criminal offences include:

• death
• corporal punishment
• long jail term

It is illegal to take any photos without a permit from the Ministry of Information. This includes photos taken with a mobile phone. 

• don’t take pictures of government buildings, airports, vehicles, or persons in uniform
• keep your camera concealed and do not take random photos in public

Same-sex relationships are illegal in South Sudan and may lead to severe punishment, including lengthy prison sentences. Discrimination based on sexual orientation is widespread and may lead to harassment by the public and police. If, despite our advice, you travel to South Sudan, LGBTI travellers should carefully consider the risks before travelling. 

More information:

• Advice for LGBTI travellers

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

South Sudan recognises dual nationality but considers its dual citizens as South Sudanese first. 

This limits the consular services we can give if you're arrested or detained. You may not be allowed to tell us of your situation.

Officials have previously stopped some dual nationals from leaving South Sudan. 

More information:

• Dual nationals

Conservative standards of dress and behaviour are expected in South Sudan, especially in rural areas.

Same-sex relationships are illegal and may lead to harassment by the public and police. LGBTI travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to South Sudan. Avoid public displays of affection. 

Take care not to offend. If in doubt, seek local advice.

Visa requirements

If, despite our advice, you plan to travel to South Sudan, you need to get a visa issued in advance. You won't be allowed to enter the country without one.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the nearest South Sudanese embassy or consulate for details about visas, currency and customs.

Border measures

If you're fully vaccinated against COVID-19, you don't need to provide a negative COVID-19 (PCR) test certificate to enter South Sudan. If you display COVID-19 symptoms on arrival you’ll need to undergo a 10-day home isolation.

If you aren’t fully vaccinated against COVID-19, you’ll need to provide a negative COVID-19 (PCR) test certificate issued no more than 72 hours ahead of your arrival.

Passengers are screened for COVID-19 on arrival at Juba International Airport. If you test positive for COVID-19, you'll need to self-isolate for 10 days.

The airport at Juba and all land border points can close with little or no warning. Juba Airport is closed after dark.

Check with your security provider for up-to-date information and security assessments on entry points to South Sudan.

Yellow fever vaccination

You'll need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate to enter South Sudan.

Find out about returning to Australia after exposure to yellow fever.

More information:

• Countries with a risk of yellow fever (PDF 74KB)

Ebola

Arriving travellers may be screened at Juba International Airport and some land entry points to South Sudan.

Dual Nationals

Border officials may scrutinise the travel documents of dual nationals. This may lead to delays at the airport. Previously, officials have stopped some dual nationals from leaving.

Validity

South Sudan requires you to have at least two blank pages in your passport on arrival.

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. You may receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport.

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• in Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service
• if you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers. 

More information:  

• LGBTI travellers 

The local currency is the South Sudanese Pound (SSP).

South Sudan is a cash-based society.

Credit and debit cards, traveller's cheques and cash cards are generally not accepted.

You'll need to pay cash in local currency or US dollars dated 2009 onwards for all purchases, including hotel bills.

There are no international ATMs in Juba.

Landmines

Landmines and unexploded remnants of war are a danger throughout South Sudan.

Use only main roads and paths marked as cleared by a competent de-mining authority.

Road travel

Road travel is very dangerous due to poor road conditions and the security environment.

Hazards include:

• poorly maintained vehicles
• poor street lighting
• unsealed and unmaintained roads
• pedestrians and animals wandering on or near roads
• overloaded and unpredictable movement of vehicles

Police presence on roadways outside major towns is limited. Traffic police are poorly trained.

Local drivers regularly ignore traffic signals, and traffic accidents are common.

Road conditions deteriorate during the wet season from July to November.

Highways and other roads may become impassable and some parts of the country can become inaccessible for months.

Roadblocks, official and unofficial checkpoints are common throughout South Sudan, including in Juba and especially after dark. 

Diplomatic, UN and NGO drivers have been stopped and harassed at checkpoints.

Checkpoints are often attended by armed men who demand money from drivers and passengers, especially after dark.

If despite our advice, you need to drive in South Sudan:

• check local security and road conditions
• seek local advice on possible routes
• seek professional security advice
• arrange personal security measures
• make contingency plans

More information:

• Driving or riding

Public transport

Avoid public transport.

Many vehicles are badly maintained. Driving standards can be poor.

Air travel

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check South Sudan's air safety profile  with the Aviation Safety Network. 

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, you should contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

Fire and rescue services

Call 999.

Medical emergencies

Call 999 or go to the hospital.

Police

Call 999 or 777.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

The security situation and other factors mean the Australian Government's ability to provide consular services in South Sudan is extremely limited.

Australia doesn't have an embassy or consulate in South Sudan. For consular assistance, contact the Australian Embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Australian Embassy, Addis Ababa

Turkish compound (off Cape Verde street)
Bole Subcity, Woreda 3
PO Box 3715
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Phone: (+251 96) 794 1377
Email: Consular.AddisAbaba@dfat.gov.au
Website: ethiopia.embassy.gov.au

Facebook: @AusEmb.ET

Twitter: @AusEmbET

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia