Democratic Republic of the Congo

The security situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is volatile across the country. 

Conflict between government forces and armed groups in the east has escalated. The security situation in and around Goma has deteriorated and closure of airspace is possible. The security situation in other regions of Eastern DRC may deteriorate with no warning.

There are over 130 active armed groups in eastern DRC. Armed conflict has caused widespread civilian displacement and deaths. Conflict between local armed groups and government forces is ongoing. It's a more serious threat in eastern and northern provinces. This includes:

• Kasai, Kasai Central and Kasai Oriental provinces
• South Kivu, North Kivu, Ituri, Maniema, Tanganyika, Bas-Uélé and Haut-Uélé provinces where fighting has displaced hundreds of thousands of people
• Mai Ndombe province

In the eastern provinces of Ituri and North Kivu, military administrations have replaced civilian administrations until further notice. The military administrations have been granted extended security powers, and there is potential for increased armed conflict in the region during this time.

A large UN military presence and several aid organisations operate in the DRC. This includes the United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). On 25 July 2022, large protests began in the cities of Beni, Betembo, Goma and Rutshuru targeting MONUSCO. MONUSCO sites have been looted and the demonstrations have resulted in deaths. Avoid crowds, demonstrations and sites associated with MONUSCO in eastern DRC.

Some non-government organisations have suspended operations in North and South Kivu due to the security situation.

Intercommunal violence in Mai Ndombe province, particularly in the territory of Kwamouth, has escalated. Intercommunal violence may continue to increase and lead to further deaths and displacement.  

If you're in an affected area:

• Shelter in place until it's safe to leave
• Always exercise extreme caution
• Arrange effective personal safety measures
• Monitor local media for updates

Keep your passport and other travel documents (e.g. visas, flights) up to date and secure.

Regularly review your contingency plans in light of local developments. If you travel to DRC despite our advice, be ready to leave at short notice if the situation worsens. You should also seek professional security advice.

Demonstrations and protests

Civil unrest and political violence can occur in Kinshasa, including outside some foreign embassies and UN offices. Protesters may start fires and thrown rocks at vehicles. Foreigners may be randomly targeted. 

Public protests and events that draw large groups can quickly turn violent.

To protect yourself from violence:

• avoid demonstrations and protests
• limit your movements
• monitor local media and other information sources for updates
• follow the advice of local authorities
• be prepared to shelter in place if necessary and depart if safe to do so.

Security incidents can occur in Kinshasa, including:

• riots
• demonstrations
• attacks on vehicles

During periods of unrest, the only road to the N'Djili Airport in Kinshasa may be blocked. Flight schedules may be disrupted. Confirm flight schedules with your airline or travel provider.

Curfews may be imposed with little notice. Monitor local media for updates and follow the advice of local authorities.

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Kidnapping occurs across the world with political, ideological, and criminal motives. Foreigners, including Australians, have been kidnapped overseas whilst travelling. Kidnappings can happen anywhere, anytime, including in destinations that are typically at lower risk. 

Kidnapping is a very high risk across DRC, it’s most common in the eastern and north-eastern regions. 

Areas with a high risk of kidnapping include:

• Virunga National Park in North Kivu
• Kasai, Kasai Central and Kasai Oriental provinces
• South Kivu, North Kivu, Ituri, Maniema, Tanganyika, Bas-Uélé and Haut-Uélé provinces

Kidnappers have engaged in highway ambushes to target foreigners. Aid and humanitarian workers have been kidnapped regularly in these areas. 

Express kidnappings targeting foreigners have increased. The threat is particularly high in the Limete area of Kinshasa.

These attacks usually occur in broad daylight and victims can be abducted for a few hours and stripped of their possessions or taken to an ATM to withdraw money.

These attacks are often perpetrated by small groups of individuals dressed in police uniforms.

If despite our advice, you travel to an area with a high risk of kidnapping, our ability to provide consular assistance in these destinations is limited. 

You are responsible for your own safety. To reduce the risk of being kidnapped:

• always be alert to your personal security and surroundings - avoid distractions. Be prepared to stop or take evasive action if you sense danger

You can find more information on how to reduce your risk of kidnapping here: Kidnapping. 

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers. Ransom payments to kidnappers have funded further terrorist attacks and criminal activity. Ransom payments to terrorist groups are likely to contravene Australian counter-terrorism financing laws.   

More information:

• Kidnapping

• Scams that affect travellers

There's a very high level of crime in the DRC. Risks increase after dark.

Criminals may use roadblocks and pose as police or military personnel to rob travellers at night.

Security authorities may target travellers to ask for bribes or make random arrests, such as at roadblocks.

Violent crime has increased in the east because of the unstable security situation. 

Crimes that commonly affect travellers, especially in Kinshasa, include:

• violent robbery
• vehicle thefts
• burglaries
• carjacking

To protect yourself from crime and express kidnappings:

• keep vehicle doors locked and windows up
• secure your accommodation against intruders
• avoid travelling after dark
• don't walk alone in Kinshasa
• avoid sensitive areas, such as military facilities
• don't permit soldiers or police officers to enter your vehicle, and avoid getting into vehicles with strangers, even if they identify themselves as police officers
• avoid using taxis. If you must take one, don't hail off the street, use a privately booked taxi
• be extra vigilant when withdrawing cash from ATMs, even in hotels.

Carry colour photocopies of your passport and identity documents. Hand these to officials, not the originals.

Drink spiking can happen anywhere. Be alert to the potential risks, and don't leave food or drinks unattended. Pay attention when your drinks are being mixed. Stick to reputable venues and avoid homemade alcoholic drinks due to the risk of methanol poisoning. Get urgent medical help if you suspect you’ve been a victim.

More information:

• Partying safely

Cyber Security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas 

Terrorist attacks could occur anywhere and at any time. Be alert to possible threats, especially in public places. Terrorists may target tourist areas or other places frequented by foreigners and where large crowds may gather.

There's an ongoing threat of terrorist attacks in the DRC, particularly in eastern DRC. An attack is possible at any time. Always be alert to possible threats, especially in public places.

Areas prone to terrorist attacks include:  

• in the region of Beni-Butembo and Goma in North Kivu
• in the vicinity of Boga in Ituri
• the border with Uganda

Possible targets for terror attacks include:

• government buildings and sites associated with the DRC armed forces (FARDC)
• hotels, clubs, restaurants and cafes
• markets and shopping malls
• outdoor recreation events, including festivals, concerts, and sporting venues
• public transport, airports and railway hubs
• schools and places of worship

To reduce your risks:

• report suspicious activities or items to the police
• be alert in crowded places and monitor the media for new threats
• take official warnings seriously and follow the instructions of local authorities
• consider the level of security at venues you're visiting
• pay close attention to your personal security

If there's a terrorist attack, leave the affected area as soon as it's safe to do so.

Don't gather in groups after an attack. This also applies if you're evacuated from a building for security reasons, such as a bomb threat.

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorism

The DRC experiences natural disasters and severe weather, including:

• earthquakes
• volcanic eruptions
• floods
• landslides

To protect yourself if a natural disaster occurs:

• keep your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• monitor local media and other sources
• follow the advice of local authorities
• keep in touch with family and friends
• contact your tour operator or airline to confirm bookings

More information:

• Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

The DRC experiences earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Mount Nyiragongo, near Goma, is one of the world's most active volcanoes and last erupted in May 2021. 

Exposure to volcanic ash, dust and toxic fumes is a major health risk.

Seek medical help if you have existing respiratory problems.

To protect yourself if there's a volcanic eruption:

• stay inside with the windows and doors shut
• place damp towels at doors and other draft sources
• protect your skin with long-sleeved clothing and long pants
• wear a disposable face mask outside and change it frequently
• protect your eyes with goggles
• avoid contact with ash

Floods and landslides

Landslides and flooding may occur in the rainy season. This can affect transport infrastructure.

The rainy season is April to October in the north and November to March in the south.

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave. Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

You'll probably need a special insurance policy for any 'do not travel' destinations such as the DRC. Some Australian policies may not cover you for the DRC.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

Confirm:

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

More information:

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may be illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in the DRC. Take enough legal medication for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

More information:

• Medication

Mpox

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared the current mpox outbreak in parts of Africa as a global public health emergency. It has now spread across a number of countries in Africa, including in the DRC.

Mpox can be transmitted to humans through physical contact with an infectious person, infected animals or contaminated materials.

Symptoms include:

• rash
• fever
• sore throat
• headache
• muscle aches
• back pain
• low energy
• swollen lymph nodes

Seek professional medical advice on mpox vaccines.

Maintain strict hygiene standards. Avoid physical contact with anyone who has mpox.

See a doctor if you feel unwell and isolate from others if you develop any mpox symptoms.

More information:

• Mpox (Australian Government)

Ebola virus disease (EVD)

Several outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) have occurred in DRC. There is an ongoing risk of EVD transmission in the DRC.

EVD is often fatal with a mortality rate of around 50 per cent.

Symptoms of EVD can include:

• high fever
• muscle pain and weakness
• headache
• sore throat
• vomiting and diarrhoea
• internal and external bleeding

Approved vaccines are currently only administered during a confirmed outbreak to those considered at highest risk of contracting the virus. They're not available to the general public as a preventative measure at this point in time. There's no proven safe and effective treatment but prompt and high-quality care can be lifesaving.

EVD spreads through direct contact with body fluids, even after an infected person has died. EVD can also be transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids of those who have survived and recovered from infection.

Maintain strict hygiene standards. Avoid direct contact with EVD patients.

See a doctor if you feel unwell and separate yourself from others if you develop any EVD symptoms.

Call ahead and tell the doctor about your recent travel and symptoms. Advance notice will help the doctor treat you and protect others.

See the Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care for more information on how to protect yourself against catching EVD, and what to do if you’re in an area where EVD is known to happen.

More information:

• Ebola virus disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Polio

Outbreaks of polio have occurred.

Stay up-to-date with polio vaccinations and booster doses. Speak to your doctor if you're unsure if you're vaccinated for polio.

If you're staying longer than 4 weeks, you'll need to show proof on exit that you've had the polio vaccine or a booster within the past 12 months. If you don't, you may need to be vaccinated before leaving the DRC.

More information:

• Australian Immunisation Handbook

Insect-borne diseases

Yellow fever is widespread in the DRC.

Malaria occurs widely throughout the year.

Other insect-borne diseases can also occur, including:

• filariasis
• plague
• African sleeping sickness

To protect yourself from disease:

• check your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

Get vaccinated against yellow fever before you travel.

Consider taking medicine to prevent malaria.

Seek medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is widespread. Take steps to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne and other infectious diseases are widespread. These include:

• cholera
• typhoid
• hepatitis
• tuberculosis
• meningitis
• rabies

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid raw and undercooked food, such as salads
• avoid swimming in fresh water
• avoid contact with dogs, monkeys, rodents and other animals

If you're bitten or scratched by an animal, get medical help straight away.

Get medical advice if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

More information:

• Infectious diseases

Public medical facilities are basic in Kinshasa and inadequate outside the capital. Private medical facilities are of higher quality but may not meet Australian standards.

Doctors and hospitals will generally ask for payment before treatment. Evidence of travel insurance may not be accepted as a guarantee of payment at some hospitals.

If you're seriously ill or injured, you'll likely need to be evacuated to a place with better facilities. Medical evacuation can be expensive.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Drugs

Penalties for possessing illegal drugs include harsh prison sentences and fines.

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Other laws

A number of offences carry the death penalty.

Always carry a copy of your passport and visa or immigration permit. Police and immigration officials can ask to see your travel documents at any time.

Same-sex relationships are not illegal in the DRC. Homosexuality remains a cultural taboo and same-sex couples who engage in public displays of affection may be subject to harassment. Same-sex relationships are not recognised in the DRC.

Curfews can be imposed with little or no warning.

Pedestrians and motorists must stop for motorcades. Warnings include security personnel and sirens.

You must also stop when passing a government installation during the raising and lowering of the national flag. This happens at about 7:30am and 6pm every day.

In the DRC it's illegal to:

• take photos of or near government buildings or other infrastructure, including airports
• take photos of a presidential or other official motorcade
• fail to produce your passport and visa or immigration permit on request

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

The DRC doesn't recognise dual nationality.

If you're a dual citizen, this limits the consular services we can give if you're arrested or detained.

You need to enter and exit the DRC using the same passport or you may be stopped from departing.

Always travel on your Australian passport.

More information:

• Dual nationals

Visa conditions

You'll need a visa before you enter the DRC. You can't get one on arrival.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. You can contact the nearest embassy or consulate for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

The closest embassy of the DRC is in Tokyo.

Border measures

Airlines may suspend flights to and from Kinshasa with little warning. Goma airport is not functioning at full capacity. Flights may be delayed, cancelled, or rerouted with little warning. Other options to depart the DRC may close with no warning. 

Border openings and other restrictions may change at short notice. Due to the ongoing insecurity in these areas, you should avoid the border entry points from Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, South Sudan and the Central African Republic.

Contact your airline directly for the latest update and register with the Canadian Embassy in Kinshasa for advice on departure options.

You'll need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate to enter DRC. You may be asked to show your vaccination certificate before boarding, on arrival and at departure.

Find out about returning to Australia after exposure to yellow fever.

More information:

• Countries with a risk of yellow fever

Declare satellite phones and GPS equipment on arrival.

A departure tax applies if you leave the DRC by air. The tax includes a $50 airport exit fee and a $5 boarding fee, which is subject to change with no notice. Get an official receipt and copies for each fee. You should hand the originals on request to immigration officials and at boarding and keep the copies.

Validity

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport.

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service.
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate.

Travel via South Africa

If you're travelling through South Africa, South African authorities do not accept provisional travel documents. South African authorities do accept Australian emergency passports. 

Strict rules apply to a child aged under 18 years travelling through South Africa. 

More information:

• Travel advice for South Africa

Passport with 'X' gender identifier

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers. 

More information:  

• LGBTQIA+ travellers 

The local currency is the Congolese Franc (CDF).

Declare local and foreign currency in excess of USD10,000 on arrival and departure. This covers all forms of currency, not only cash.

US dollars are widely accepted. Counterfeit currency is common. Check USD banknotes before accepting them.

Change currency at licensed commercial banks and exchange bureaus. Money transfer agencies operate in major towns.

Traveller's cheques aren't accepted. Some major hotels accept credit cards.

ATMs are available in Kinshasa and major centres. It may be difficult to withdraw cash from international accounts, even at major hotels.

Check that your cards will work in the DRC before you travel.

Mining districts

You'll need official clearance from the relevant DRC ministry or government department before visiting a mining district.

More information:

• Ministry of Mining (French)

Driving permit

To drive in the DRC, you'll need both:

• a valid international driving permit (IDP)
• your current Australian driver's licence (digital driver's licences may not be accepted)

You must get your IDP before you leave Australia.

Road travel

You're more likely to die in a motor vehicle accident in the DRC than in Australia. Dangers include:

• aggressive driving
• low driving standards
• poor roads
• a lack of street signage and lighting

Military and police roadblocks are common.

Following large-scale prison breaks in Kinshasa, Béni and Kasangu, local authorities increased the number of checkpoints at night. Checkpoints include Gombe, Limete, Ngaba, Kintambo, Ngaliema, Ndjili, Mont Ngafula and around Camp Kokolo.

Criminals may use roadblocks to pose as police or military personnel and rob you (see Safety).

To protect yourself while travelling on DRC roads:

• familiarise yourself with local traffic laws and practices
• be alert to possible hazards, especially at night
• check road conditions and risks before travel outside Kinshasa
• follow advice from local authorities

Carry government-issued identification, carte rose, carte grise and driver's licence at all times.

Ask for credentials if approached by an officer.

If you travel outside Kinshasa, have contingency plans and take emergency equipment such as a satellite phone.

More information:

• Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Check with your travel insurer whether your policy covers you when riding a motorbike.

Always wear a helmet.

Taxis

Use registered taxis and limousines, preferably arranged through your hotel.

Avoid unofficial taxis or taxis hailed on the street. Robberies can occur.

Public transport

Don't use public transport. Bus and rail services are unsafe due to poor safety standards and crime.

Boat travel

Many boats and ferries are overloaded, lack lifesaving equipment and aren't seaworthy.

Kinshasa's main ferry terminal is congested and can close at short notice. Pay attention to your personal security in and around the terminal.

Air travel

Civil unrest may cause flight cancellations to and from Kinshasa at short notice.

Local immigration and customs procedures at Kinshasa Airport are difficult. You may need help from people familiar with the process. If travelling by air, arrange for them to meet you when you arrive.

Pay attention to your personal security in and around the airport.

Avoid local airlines with poor maintenance and safety standards.

Aircraft in and around Goma, North Kivu have reported experiencing interference with GPS flight systems. Some flights have been delayed, cancelled or rerouted. Monitor media, airlines' website and local authority advice for flight information in or out of Goma International Airport.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check the DRC's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network.

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

There's no national emergency number in the DRC.

Remember to get a police report when reporting a crime.

Your travel insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

Australia doesn't have an embassy or consulate in the DRC. Our ability to provide consular assistance may be limited.

The Canadian Embassy in Kinshasa provides consular assistance to Australians in the DRC. It can issue Australian provisional travel documents. Its services are limited outside Kinshasa.

Embassy of Canada, Kinshasa

17 Avenue Pumbu
Commune de Gombe, Kinshasa

Phone: (+243) 996 021 500
Fax: (+243) 996 021 510 or (+243) 996 021 511
Email: knsha@international.gc.ca
Website: Embassy of Canada to the Democratic Republic of Congo, in Kinshasa

You can also get consular assistance from the Australian Embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Australian Embassy, Harare

1 Green Close
Borrowdale
Harare, Zimbabwe

Phone: +263 24 2853 235 55, +263 24 2852 471-6
Fax: +263 24 2870 566
Email: zimbabwe.embassy@dfat.gov.au
Website: zimbabwe.embassy.gov.au
Facebook: Australian Embassy, Zimbabwe
X: @AusEmbZim

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia