Iran

Regional tensions are high, and the security situation could deteriorate quickly with little or no notice. This may also result in airspace closures, flight cancellations, flight diversions, and other travel disruptions. 

The security situation in Iran remains volatile. Tensions in the region may escalate further, due to ongoing hostility between Iran and Israel, and military tensions between Iran, the US, and other countries in the Middle East.

If despite our advice you go to Iran, or decide to stay there, monitor media for possible threats and take extra precautions for your safety:

• keep a low profile.
• keep in contact with family and friends
• don't travel alone or at night
• check routes before you travel
• don't put your travel or other plans on social media
• work with only reliable, registered and authorised organisations and travel agencies
• don't carry large amounts of cash

Airlines may cancel or reduce their operations to and from Iran at short notice. If tensions escalate, your options to leave may be limited. The Australian Government may not be able to assist with your departure. Check the latest flight status with your airline or travel provider and make arrangements in case you can’t leave. Share those plans with family and friends.

Iranian authorities are active in and closely monitor border areas with Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The security situation within 10km of the Iran-Iraq border is extremely dangerous.

Do not visit military or nuclear sites; these are not always clearly marked. Even if you did so inadvertently, you can get arrested for venturing close to or taking photos of sensitive sites. Follow the advice of local authorities and monitor the media.

Political developments in the region and local political tensions can trigger protests, demonstrations and vigils with little notice. Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can potentially turn violent.

Australian embassy staff and their families in Tehran have been advised to monitor their surroundings and avoid protest areas.

Some airlines may cancel flights at short notice in response to security developments - check with your airline.

In late 2022 and early 2023, there were widespread protests across many cities and towns in Iran. Previously, security forces' response to protests has been severe, and many protesters and bystanders have been injured, killed or detained. During past protest periods, there have been increases in the number of foreign nationals arrested. You should avoid all protest activity.

Iranians sometimes protest against some Western and Middle East embassies and UN missions.

To protect yourself during periods of unrest:

• avoid demonstrations, protests, large crowds and vigils
• do not photograph demonstrations, protests, large crowds or vigils
• monitor media for possible threats
• plan activities to avoid disruption on national or commemorative days
• follow the advice of local authorities
• share your itinerary with family and friends and keep in close contact so they know where you are.

Be prepared to change your plans in case of disruptions.

If civil unrest disrupts transport, ask your airline, travel agent or insurer for help.

More information:

•   Demonstrations and civil unrest

Travellers in Iran, including Australians, are at a high risk of arbitrary detention or arrest. A number of Australians, including dual nationals, have been detained in Iran without due process of law.

There's been an increase in the number of foreign nationals being arrested or detained in Iran.

You may be at greater risk of detention if authorities are suspicious of your activities or background. You could attract the attention of authorities if you:

• study or do other academic activity
• travel outside tourist areas
• are near crowds, demonstrations or sensitive sites
• take photos, except in major tourist sites
• have contact with Iranians who are of interest to authorities
• behave or express views perceived as anti-Iranian, anti-Iranian Government, or that could cause religious offence, including on social media
• are affiliated with, or have links to, Iranian opposition or other political groups.

Iran does not recognise dual nationality. If you're a dual Australian-Iranian national and are detained in Iran, our ability to provide consular support is extremely limited.

The Australian Government may not be notified if you're detained. We can't guarantee consular access to any Australian detained or arrested. We also can't guarantee access to legal representation.

If you're in Iran, you should leave as soon as possible.

More information:

• Advice for dual nationals
• Fact sheet: Arrested or jailed overseas  

A terrorist attack could happen anywhere in Iran at any time, including in Tehran. 

In January 2024, at least 84 people were killed and more than 200 wounded in suicide bombing attacks in Kerman, southern Iran, carried out by Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP).

Possible targets for attacks include:

• embassies
• hotels
• places of worship
• tourist sites
• government interests
• military parades and locations
• Western businesses and other interests

To stay safe from terrorist risks:

• be alert to possible threats throughout the country
• avoid places where there is a low level of security and possible target areas
• monitor the media for new threats
• report suspicious activity or items to police
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the instructions of local authorities

If there's an attack:

• leave the area as soon as it's safe
• avoid the affected area in case of secondary attacks

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

More information:

• Terrorism

Kidnapping is a risk in Iran. Foreign nationals have been targeted. The kidnapping risk is heightened in the border areas with Afghanistan and Pakistan, including in the area east of Bam, Jask, and the Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. Terrorists, drug traffickers, smugglers and bandits are active in these regions. 

Kidnapping happens with political, ideological and criminal motives. 

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers. Ransom payments to kidnappers have funded further terrorist attacks and criminal activity. Ransom payments to terrorist groups are likely to breach Australian anti-terrorism financing laws. 

If despite our advice, you travel to an area with a high risk of kidnapping, our ability to provide consular assistance in these destinations is limited.  

You are responsible for your own safety. To reduce the risk of kidnapping: 

• always be alert to your personal security and surroundings - avoid distractions. Be prepared to stop or take evasive action if you sense danger 
• get professional security advice for travel in locations with a heightened kidnap risk. It is essential to have a contingency plan 
• check your accommodation has appropriate security measures 
• vary your movements so you don't set predictable patterns 
• keep a low profile – including online. Drawing attention to yourself in high-risk areas may signal to criminals that you have something worth taking 
• avoid isolated locations, particularly when travelling alone. There is safety in numbers, and you should try to travel with someone else, especially at night 
• notify family or friends of planned travel; share your location and emergency contacts that they can rely on if something happens 
• avoid talking about your money or business affairs 
• use ATMs in public places and during daylight hours 
• avoid giving personal details to strangers online or over the phone. Criminals have been known to search social media for victims 
• If you're confronted by armed criminals, it is best to surrender and cooperate – resistance tends to make the situation worse 

Regularly reassess your security arrangements and carefully consider any travel. Using professional security providers is important, but does not completely protect you. 

More information:

• Kidnapping 
• Scams that affect travellers
• Reducing the risk of piracy

Violent crime

The level of violent crime in Iran is generally low, but petty crime is increasing due to the worsening economic situation.

Terrorists, drug traffickers, smugglers and bandits are active in the border areas near Afghanistan and Pakistan. This includes: 

• Sistan and Baluchestan province
• east of the city of Bam in Kerman province

Violent incidents often occur in these areas, such as:

• clashes between security forces and smugglers
• bombings
• shootings

Travel at night in these areas is particularly dangerous.

Be alert to your surroundings, especially at night. Don't draw unwanted attention to yourself.

Petty crime

There have been increasing reports of thieves in passing vehicles and on motor bikes snatching bags and mobile phones from pedestrians, home break-ins and robberies. 

Women can face unwanted attention and harassment. Women should take care travelling alone, particularly at night.

Scams and fraud

Men may approach foreigners and claim to be plain-clothes police. They say they're looking for foreign drug dealers and ask to see wallets and ID.

If this happens, it could be a scam. Ask a uniformed police officer for help.

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth.

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.

More information:

• Cyber security when travelling overseas

It is illegal to import, manufacture, sell or consume alcoholic drinks in Iran. There are no licensed commercial establishments that sell alcohol legally. Alcoholic drinks in Iran are unregulated and mostly homemade. Methanol poisoning incidents occur from time to time, resulting in serious injuries and deaths.

If, despite our advice, you decide to consume alcoholic drinks in Iran, be alert to the potential risks around drink spiking and methanol poisoning through consuming alcoholic drinks. See our advice on partying safely while overseas.

Get urgent medical attention if you think you or someone else has been drugged. Methanol can be used in unregulated alcohol production to lower costs. Methanol is highly toxic. As little as one shot can be fatal. Act quickly if you suspect you or someone you're travelling with has been poisoned.

More information:

• Partying safely

Earthquakes and severe weather occur in Iran.

If a natural disaster happens:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• monitor local media
• follow the advice of local authorities
• keep in contact with your friends and family

Earthquakes  

Iran is in an active seismic zone and experiences frequent earthquakes. There have been several major earthquakes in recent years.

Aftershocks often follow a major earthquake. They can cause further damage to already weakened structures.

Register with the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System to receive alerts on major disasters.

Severe weather

Iran experiences extremely high temperatures.

The temperature in some areas can reach over 50˚C in July and August, the hottest months of the year.

Some regions have heavy snowfall during winter.

Sandstorms and dust storms occur regularly.

Flash flooding can occur, particularly in Spring.

Power outages

Power outages occasionally occur, especially in the summer, disrupting public water supply and telecommunication networks, including mobile and internet. 

Monitor the media for updates on changes that may affect your safety and access to essential services.

If despite our advice you plan to travel to Iran, you'll need a specialised travel insurance policy that covers travel to high-risk destinations. Most Australian policies won't cover you for travel to Iran. Check that Iran is not excluded from your cover because of sanctions or its travel advice level of 'do not travel'.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care. The Australian Government won't pay for any costs or organise evacuation.

If you can't get or afford travel insurance, you should not travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

Confirm:

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

More information:

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips (Healthdirect Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

Some specialised medicines are in short supply in Iran.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Iran. Take enough legal medicine for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medicine is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

More information:

• Medicine

Medical evacuation may be difficult.

Insect-borne diseases

Malaria is endemic outside the major towns in Iran's south and west.

Other insect-borne diseases are common, including:

• leishmaniasis
• tick-borne encephalitis

Ticks are most active in spring, summer and autumn.

To protect yourself from disease:

• ensure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing
• consider taking medicine to prevent malaria

Get medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

More information:

• Infectious diseases

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is a risk.

Take precautions if you engage in activities that may expose you to the virus.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases occur, such as:

• cholera
• typhoid
• hepatitis
• tuberculosis

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid raw and undercooked food, such as salads

Get medical help if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

Air pollution

Significant air pollution occurs in major cities. Sandstorms and dust storms occur regularly.

Get medical advice if you have allergies or breathing difficulties.

The standard of medical facilities varies. Facilities in remote areas are extremely limited.

If you become seriously ill or injured, you'll need to be evacuated to a place with better facilities, such as London or Dubai. Medical evacuation can be very expensive and may not be possible.

Medical tourism

Medical tourism including for cosmetic operations is common in Iran. The standard of medical service providers can vary. If you're considering getting medical treatment in Iran, you should research and choose your medical service providers carefully. Serious post-surgery complications and deaths have occurred.

You should discuss your plans with your Australian doctor or specialist before committing to getting procedures done in Iran.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter. But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail. 

Iran does not recognise dual nationality. If you're an Australian citizen with Iranian nationality, our ability to provide consular assistance is extremely limited.

The Australian Government may not be notified if you're detained. We can't guarantee consular access to any Australian detained or arrested. We also can't guarantee access to legal representation.

Drugs

Penalties for importing and possessing drugs are severe and include the death penalty.

Authorities have executed foreigners for drug-related offences in recent years.

More information:

• Carrying or using drugs

Other laws

Get professional advice if you're involved in local legal proceedings. In particular, seek advice on matters of family law, such as:

• divorce
• child custody
• child support

Know your rights and responsibilities.

Penalties for serious offences include death and corporal punishment. Same-sex relations are considered serious offences.

These activities are illegal in Iran:

• homosexual acts for both men and women
• close contact between unmarried men and women
• being in a de facto relationship
• failing to meet the legal dress code
• importing alcohol, pornography, pork products or short-wave radios
• importing printed or recorded Western material, including those with a religious theme
• manufacturing, selling or consuming alcoholic drinks

Local authorities consider domestic violence to be a private family matter. Iranian law does not prohibit domestic violence.

Authorities have stopped Australians and Australian-Iranian dual nationals, including mothers with children, from leaving Iran. Husbands can legally place border alerts ('stop orders') on their spouse and children where there are pending custodial disputes. Overturning stop orders can be a time consuming and complicated process.

The Australian Government cannot prevent or overturn a stop order on an Australian citizen.

More information:

• Advice for LGBTQIA+ travellers

Dress and behaviour

Iran has strict Islamic codes of dress and behaviour.

It's illegal to behave in a way considered to offend Islam. For example, you must not encourage Muslims to convert to another religion.

In public women are required by law to wear:

• loose-fitting clothing to cover arms and legs
• a long coat
• a headscarf

If you fail to follow these dress requirements, you may be detained, fined or denied access to government and other services.

In public men should not wear shorts or sleeveless T-shirts.

Photography

You cannot photograph sensitive sites or events, including:

• military and nuclear sites
• government buildings and installations
• critical civil infrastructure
• public demonstrations

Electronic equipment

It's illegal to use drones without authorisation.

You will need permission to bring in a range of electronic equipment, including:

• satellite phones
• GPS trackers
• walkie-talkies

Unauthorised use may result in arrest or detention. Tracking software installed on mobile phones, tablets or other computer equipment may attract the attention of authorities.

For advice, contact your nearest Iranian embassy or consulate.

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

More information:

• Staying within the law and respecting customs

Iran doesn't recognise dual nationality.

If you're a dual national, you may be at greater risk of arbitrary arrest or detention. Our ability to provide consular assistance is extremely limited.

If you're arrested or detained, it's highly unlikely the Government of Iran would:

• allow us to give you consular services
• notify the Australian Embassy that you've been arrested or detained.

Under Iranian law, Iranian dual nationals must enter and exit Iran on their Iranian passport. Iranian immigration officials routinely confiscate the foreign and Iranian passports of dual nationals. Dual nationals will not be able to depart Iran without their Iranian passport.

If you're an Australian-Iranian dual national, authorities may not allow you to leave Iran if:

• you're male and you haven't completed military service
• you're female and you don't have permission from your husband or a senior male relative to leave Iran
• you're male and have not paid back the dowry to your wife after divorce

We advise you not to travel to Iran if you are dual Australian-US or Australian-Israeli citizen, in line with those countries' advice to their citizens. For other nationalities, you should check with the relevant country’s travel advice for advice about your risks.

More information:

• Dual nationals
• US travel advice for Iran
• UK Government travel advice for Iran

The Islamic holy month of Ramadan is observed in Iran. Respect religious and cultural customs and laws during this time.

During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking may be illegal in public during the day. If you're not fasting, avoid these activities around people who are. Seek local advice to avoid offence.

Explore our Ramadan page to learn more, including dates for Ramadan.

Visitor visa

If despite our advice you decide to travel to Iran, you'll need a visa to enter. You must apply for a visa before you travel. Contact Iranian embassy in Australia to apply.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the embassy of Iran for details about visas, currency, customs and other travel requirements.

The Government of Iran issues Iranian visas. The Australian Embassy can't intervene in visa matters, including visas on arrival.

If you overstay your visa in Iran for any reason, even one beyond your control, you'll incur a fine. The Australian Government cannot pay this fine for you. You must also apply for an exit visa. You can get more information on Iranian visa and exit permit requirements from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Bureau for Aliens and Foreign Immigrant Affairs.

More information:

• Embassies and Consulates of Iran

Travel to Israel

It's against Iranian law to travel to Israel.

If there's evidence that you've travelled to Israel or intend to, you will be refused entry to Iran and deported. You may be arrested and imprisoned. Evidence includes:

• Israeli exit or entry stamps in your passport
• Egyptian or Jordanian stamps from border crossings with Israel
• travel itineraries or tickets that include Israel as a destination
• souvenirs from Israel
• airline tags on your bags
• SIM cards, literature, or other items with obvious links to Israel

Validity

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport isn't valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport.

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible.

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service.
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate.

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.

More information:

• LGBTQIA+ travellers

The local currency is the Iranian Rial (IRR).

Declare any foreign currency you have when you arrive in Iran. If you don't, authorities may confiscate it when you leave.

You can change major foreign currencies in all major cities. However, recent government action has made it harder to change money in exchange bureaus.

You can't use international credit or bank cards.

You can't transfer funds into Iran using:

• the commercial banking system
• a money transfer company 

Bring enough cash in Euros or US Dollars to cover your stay.

Driving permit

To drive in Iran you need both:

• a valid Australian driver's licence (digital driver's licences may not be accepted)
• an International Driving Permit (IDP)

Get an IDP before leaving Australia.

Road travel

Iran has one of the highest rates of road accidents in the world.

You're more likely to die in a motor vehicle accident in Iran than in Australia. Road accidents are a common cause of death and injury.

Hazards include bad roads and poor driving standards.

If you plan to drive:

• check you have enough insurance cover
• ensure you understand local traffic laws and practices
• don't drink and drive

Pedestrians should exercise extreme caution when crossing roads, as traffic can be very congested and road-users unpredictable or undisciplined.

More information:

• Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Check if your travel insurance policy covers you for using a motorbike, quad bike or similar vehicle. 

Always wear a helmet.

Taxis

Only use registered taxis and limousines. Book them through your hotel.

Public transport

Iran is serviced by extensive bus and rail options. Road conditions and road safety vary across the country. Rail services are more limited and slower. Public transport in the main cities is often very crowded.

Sea travel

The Gulf has many areas with security issues and territorial disputes. Authorities may inspect, detain and arrest vessels. Foreigners navigating Iranian waters have been arrested and detained.

Piracy occurs in the Gulf.

Check the International Maritime Bureau's piracy report.

Air travel

Due to ongoing tensions, the regional security situation could deteriorate quickly. This may result in airspace closures, flight cancellations, flight diversions, and other travel disruptions. 

The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) hasn't audited air safety authorities in Iran.

The EU has operational restrictions in place for some of Iran Air's fleet. The airline hasn't met the EU's international safety standards.

Ageing planes on many of Iran's domestic air services create serious safety concerns.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check Iran's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network.

More information:

• Air travel

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider
• employer
• airline

Fire and rescue services

Call 125.

Medical emergencies

Call 115 or go direct to the hospital.

Mountaineers can also contact the Red Crescent on 112 for help.

Police

Call 110 or visit the nearest police station.

English speakers are generally not available.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular assistance, contact the Australian Embassy in Tehran.

Australian Embassy

No.11, Yekta Street
Bahar Street, Shahid Fallahi Street
Valie Asr Avenue
Tehran, Iran

Phone: +98 21 7206 8666
Website: iran.embassy.gov.au
Facebook: Australia in Iran
Instagram: @AustraliaInIran

The Embassy's working week is from Sunday to Thursday.

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours, scheduled Embassy holidays and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas

• 1300 555 135 in Australia